MLRs in Children are Consistently Present during Wakefulness, Stage 1, and REM Sleep

Effects of cochlear implant use on the electrically evoked middle latency response in children

“…Thus, acute electrical stimulation in a low arousal state did not evoke suYcient degrees of synchronous activity in the thalamocortical pathways of the auditory system to produce a far Weld response. While diYculties recording the MLR in sleeping or sedated infants with normal hearing is well known (Collet et al, 1988;Kraus et al, 1989), the MLR can be readily detected in sleeping adolescents (Kraus et al, 1985). Kraus and colleagues have also shown that the MLR can be recorded in 82-100% of recording sweeps in 4-9 year olds if awake or in REM stages of sleep (Kraus et al, 1989).…”

“…While diYculties recording the MLR in sleeping or sedated infants with normal hearing is well known (Collet et al, 1988;Kraus et al, 1989), the MLR can be readily detected in sleeping adolescents (Kraus et al, 1985). Kraus and colleagues have also shown that the MLR can be recorded in 82-100% of recording sweeps in 4-9 year olds if awake or in REM stages of sleep (Kraus et al, 1989). These investigators show that EEG delta wave activity associated with deep sleep stages is highly correlated with the absence of an MLR (McGee et al, 1993).…”

Thalamocortical activity and plasticity in children using cochlear implants

“…Poor detectability of the EMLR at the time of implant surgery was expected given that the MLR is poorly detected in sleeping children with normal hearing [5]. However, EMLR detectability remained poor in awake children at initial device stimulation.…”

Sources of pathology underlying listening disorders in children

“…These data are in line with the earlier animal research and the most precocious behavioral data cited above. Middle latency response (MLR) development, thought to reflect thalamocortical and early A1 processing, has been reported in a number of studies (Kraus et al, 1989;Moore and Linthicum, 2007;Schochat et al, 2010), but the responses appear to be weak and variable. Nevertheless, the Na and P1 waves of the MLR are present early in childhood with adult-like levels of detection by 10 years of age (Kraus et al, 1985).…”