“…There have been some studies using smartphone apps to infer user personal information. For example, demographic attributes (e.g., gender, region and marital status), interests, personality traits and life stages have been learned from app lists installed on smartphones, app installation behaviors (installation, updating and uninstallation) and app usage behaviors (Chittaranjan et al 2011(Chittaranjan et al , 2013Frey et al 2015Frey et al , 2017Jesdabodi and Maalej 2015;Malmi and Weber 2016;Qin et al 2016;Rivron et al 2016;Seneviratne et al 2015;Tu et al 2019;Wang et al 2015Wang et al , 2018Xu et al 2011Xu et al , 2016bZhao et al 2016Zhao et al , 2017aZhao et al , b, c, 2018Zhao et al , 2019bLi et al 2015a;Mo et al 2012;Brdar et al 2012;Ying et al 2012;Andone et al 2016;Peltonen et al 2018;Zou et al 2013;Yu et al 2018;Ouyang et al 2018;Wang et al 2019;Böhmer et al 2011;Liu et al 2018). In this section, we will review the related work in three aspects: inferring demographics, explaining personality, and discovering life patterns.…”