Mobile Colistin Resistance Genetic Determinants of Non-Typhoid Salmonella enterica Isolates from Russia

Abstract

Polymyxin resistance, determined by mcr genes located on plasmid DNA, currently poses a high epidemiological threat. Non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS) are one of the key pathogens causing diarrheal diseases. Here, we report the isolation and whole genome sequencing of multidrug colistin-resistant/susceptible isolates of non-typhoid Salmonella enterica serovars carrying mcr genes. Non-typhoid strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica were isolated during microbiological monitoring of the environment, food, and diarrheal disease patients between 2018 and 2020 in Russia (n = 586). mcr-1 genes were detected using a previously developed qPCR assay, and whole genome sequencing of mcr positive isolates was performed by both short-read (Illumina) and long-read (Oxford Nanopore) approaches. Three colistin-resistant isolates, including two isolates of S. Enteritidis and one isolate of S. Bovismorbificans, carried the mcr-1.1 gene located on IncX4 and IncI2 conjugative plasmids, respectively. The phenotypically colistin-susceptible isolate of S. Typhimurium carried a mcr-9 gene on plasmid IncHI2. In conclusion, we present the first three cases of mcr gene-carrying NTS isolates detected in Russia with both outbreak and sporadic epidemiological backgrounds.

Molecular Epidemiology of mcr-1-Positive Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates: Results from Russian Sentinel Surveillance (2013–2018)

“…In this study, the prevalence of phenotypic colistin resistance and of the mobile colistin resistance ( mcr- 1) genes among clinical E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates collected from hospitalized patients in Russia in 2013–2018 as part of sentinel surveillance was systematically assessed, and in-depth analysis of the genome sequences of mcr -bearing isolates and plasmids was performed. While there have been several reports of mcr-1 positive isolates recovered from human and animal sources in Russia [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], to our knowledge, this study is the first to report the prevalence and genomic context of mcr-1 in clinical isolates collected from geographically distant sites across Russia.…”

“…Several research groups have previously reported on the sporadic occurrence of mcr-1 in Russia and described the corresponding mcr -bearing plasmids [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. In this study, we aimed to systematically assess the prevalence of colistin resistance and of mcr genes in clinical Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Russian sentinel surveillance and to determine phenotypic and genomic characteristics of mcr -carrying isolates and plasmids.…”

Mobile Colistin Resistance (mcr) Gene-Containing Organisms in Poultry Sector in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Epidemiology, Characteristics, and One Health Control Strategies

“…The carriage of MGCB by birds could result in the cross-contamination of poultry meat and associated products by these organisms during slaughter, processing, packaging, and selling. Studies have reported the presence of mcr-gene-harbouring organisms in poultry meats obtained from butchers/slaughterhouses/retail markets/supermarkets in China [57,[105][106][107][108][109] (Table S1), India [110], Bangladesh [110], Nepal [69][70][71], Türkiye [111,112], Pakistan [8], Vietnam [84,[113][114][115][116][117][118][119], Indonesia [55], Malaysia [54,120], Iraq [121], Laos [87,122], Tunisia [74], Algeria [123], Egypt [77][78][79], Brazil [124,125], the Dominican Republic [126], and Russia [127]. Worst of all, the storage temperature does not halt the exchange of mcr genes among meat-contaminating organisms since poultry meats stored at 4 • C, 25 • C, and 37 • C were conducive to the rapid exchange of mcr-1 between Salmonella and E. coli [5].…”

Antibiotic Resistance in Proteus mirabilis: Mechanism, Status, and Public Health Significance

“…28 Enterobacteriaceae tetracycline resistance is mostly considered to be linked with tet (A) to tet (E) gene determinants. 29 P. mirabilis possesses a natural resistance against tetracycline that could be the main reason for its rising tolerance. 30 The rise in acquired resistance of Enterobacteriaceae demands the development of new antibiotics to effectively treat bacterial infections.…”