Mobile Emission Measurements for Assessing Low Emitting Vehicles Exemplified on a CRT-Equipped Bus

Abstract

An on-board system capable of determining ppm level emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons (THC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) is developed. The data acquisition allows for the simultaneous retrieval of engine and vehicle parameters to calculate on-line mass based time resolved emissions that can be quickly linked to relevant parameters of the emission control system. The on-board system is validated by 160 comparative measurements on three Constant Volume Sampling (CVS) chassis dynamometers. The tests are executed on a Heavy Duty diesel truck and on three modern Light Duty vehicles. The differences in emissions are generally below 10% until 0.02 g/km. A real life performance evaluation is executed on a Eminox/Johnson Matthey Continuous Regenerating Trap (CRT) equipped VanHool A308 city bus. All tests are performed with, and without, CRT. The CRT reduces, almost eliminating, PM emissions to over 90% CO and THC to over 85%. It is found that the resulting THC ppm concentrations yield mass emissions as low as 0.03 g/km. No significant effect of fuel sulphur content was found in the tests without CRT.

Reduction of Vehicle Exhaust Emissions from Diesel Engines Using the Whale Concept Filter

“…Higher carbon dioxide level is indicative of the engine operating efficiently (EPA, 2000). Factors such as engine misfire, air-fuel ratio imbalances and mechanical engine problems may cause carbon dioxide to decrease thus increasing carbon monoxide output (Lenaers and Van Poppel, 2005). Hydrocarbons also increase as a result of engine misfire due to excessive lean or rich airfuel mixtures while excessive Nitrogen oxide is caused by higher ignition temperatures.…”

“…CO emission is the most toxic substance found in exhaust gases and is colourless, tasteless and odourless. HC and CO emissions are primarily products of incomplete combustion (Lenaers and Van Poppel, 2005). Fine particles are usually invisible although in certain operating conditions, diesel will produce visible particles appearing as smoke.…”

Carbon Monoxide of Exhaust Gas Emission in Vehicles at Kalasin Roads

“…CO emissionis the most toxic substance discovered in exhaust gases and is colorless, tasteless and odorless (Masiol et al, 2014). HC and CO emissions are mainly products of incomplete combustion (Lenaers and Poppel, 2005;Pilusa et al, 2012). These days because of catalyst improvements, the most significant part of the whole emission throughout a ride takes location for the duration of the cold phase when engine and catalyst are cold if as compared with the ones exhausted in warm situations in fact, all of the experimental investigations performed in the closing years on newly sold motorbike geared up with a catalytic converter and digital combination control sincerely suggest that CO and HC cold-begin emissions represent an vital percentage of total emissions with a consequent consequence on air quality moreover, incomplete combustion happening all through cold start causes high toxicity due to the presence of toxic VOCs (Chang and Chen, 2008).…”