“…In recent decades, M-learning, as a subcategory of e-learning (Basak et al, 2018, p. 192), has attracted an abundance of attention from many prominent scholars across the world for its substantial contribution to pedagogical practices in various contexts (Al-Emran et al, 2016;Hsu, 2013;Kumar & Chand, 2019;Wang et al, 2012). In the same vein, in the realm of foreign language (FL) pedagogy, it has significant impacts on facilitating the learners in various competencies such as listening & speaking (Ataeifar et al, 2019;Chen & Chang, 2011;Hwang et al, 2015), reading (Chang & Hsu, 2011;, vocabulary Mahdi, 2017;Ou-Yang & Wu, 2017;Uz Bilgin & Tokel, 2019), and grammar (Ghorbani & Ebadi, 2020).…”