Mobile phone based laser speckle contrast imager for assessment of skin blood flow

Jakovels, Dainis; Saknīte, Inga; Krievina, Gita; Zaharans, J.; Spīgulis, Jānis

doi:10.1117/12.2084681

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…16,17 In addition, camera-phone stLASCA devices could enable imaging of bigger burn surfaces by utilizing wider illumination and larger image sensors and could be designed to be handheld using numerical image stabilization methods, such as speckle image registration. 32 Finally, we envision that speckle contrast maps, SDR, and τ −1 c values could ultimately be generated by a smartphone application within several tens of milliseconds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15][16][17] From the perfusion and nonperfusion speckle contrast components, we extract the reciprocal of the speckle correlation time, τ −1 c , and the statically-to-dynamically scattered light ratio (SDR), which provide corrected estimates for blood perfusion and static-to-dynamic scattering composition ratio of burn wounds, respectively. We then show that the SDR, rather than τ −1 c , can largely control the ability of the speckle contrast to distinguish burns of different severity with statistical significance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Static laser speckle contrast analysis for noninvasive burn diagnosis using a camera-phone imager

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) is an established optical technique for accurate widefield visualization of relative blood perfusion when no or minimal scattering from static tissue elements is present, as demonstrated, for example, in LASCA imaging of the exposed cortex. However, when LASCA is applied to diagnosis of burn wounds, light is backscattered from both moving blood and static burn scatterers, and thus the spatial speckle contrast includes both perfusion and nonperfusion components and cannot be straightforwardly associated to blood flow. We extract from speckle contrast images of burn wounds the nonperfusion (static) component and discover that it conveys useful information on the ratio of static-to-dynamic scattering composition of the wound, enabling identification of burns of different depth in a porcine model in vivo within the first 48 h postburn. Our findings suggest that relative changes in the static-to-dynamic scattering composition of burns can dominate relative changes in blood flow for burns of different severity. Unlike conventional LASCA systems that employ scientific or industrial-grade cameras, our LASCA system is realized here using a camera phone, showing the potential to enable LASCA-based burn diagnosis with a simple imager. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static laser speckle contrast analysis for noninvasive burn diagnosis using a camera-phone imager

et al. 2015

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“…While we used a large red laser and an industrial zoom lens in the current cameraphone dr-LSD system design, future instruments could employ compact laser diode modules and detachable camera-phone zoom lenses [13,20]. Moreover, handheld use of camera-phone dr-LSD devices might be achieved by implementing numerical image stabilization techniques [30] and fast speckle image processing on mobile phones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, LASCA has been shown to provide early assessment of burn severity in a porcine burn model in vivo using a scientific-grade camera [10] and a simple imager comprising a camera-phone [11]. It is worth mentioning that cameraphone-based LASCA imaging has also been demonstrated useful for noninvasive widefield measurements of skin perfusion, blood pulsation and pulse rate [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, we implement a spatiotemporal fluctuation analysis scheme based on the processing scheme proposed by Sadhwani et al [15] to extract the diameter of the speckle spot, and show that the retrieved diameter agrees well with the thickness of porcine burns of graded severity, enabling not only early discrimination of partial-thickness burns (within the first 24 hpb), but also longitudinal monitoring of the burn healing process (over 104 hpb). Unlike the system devised by Sadhwani et al and other instruments for diffuse reflectance laser speckle detection using scientific-or industrial-grade cameras [15][16][17][18], our apparatus takes advantage of advancements of miniature-camera technology in biomedical sciences [11,13,14,19,20] and employs a camera-phone for diffuse reflectance speckle detection. While the basic setup used here is similar to that of oblique incidence reflectometry (OIR) [21,22], we analyze spatial intensity variations in diffuse reflectance laser speckle patterns rather than OIR distances between the diffusion center and illumination entry point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo burn diagnosis by camera-phone diffuse reflectance laser speckle detection

Ragol¹,

Remer²,

Shoham³

et al. 2015

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Burn diagnosis using laser speckle light typically employs widefield illumination of the burn region to produce two-dimensional speckle patterns from light backscattered from the entire irradiated tissue volume. Analysis of speckle contrast in these time-integrated patterns can then provide information on burn severity. Here, by contrast, we use point illumination to generate diffuse reflectance laser speckle patterns of the burn. By examining spatiotemporal fluctuations in these time-integrated patterns along the radial direction from the incident point beam, we show the ability to distinguish partial-thickness burns in a porcine model in vivo within the first 24 hours post-burn. Furthermore, our findings suggest that time-integrated diffuse reflectance laser speckle can be useful for monitoring burn healing over time post-burn. Unlike conventional diffuse reflectance laser speckle detection systems that utilize scientific or industrial-grade cameras, our system is designed with a camera-phone, demonstrating the potential for burn diagnosis with a simple imager.

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Human Skin Microcirculation

Cracowski

Roustit

2020

Comprehensive Physiology

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The anatomy and physiology of the microcirculation in human skin are complex. Normal cutaneous microcirculation is organized in two parallel plexuses with capillary loops extending perpendicularly from the superficial plexus. The physiological regulation of cutaneous microcirculation includes specific sympathetic activation, which causes vasoconstriction through the release of norepinephrine, neuropeptide Y, and ATP. A sympathetic cholinergic system is mainly involved in vasodilation through the co-transmission of acetylcholine, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide. Sensory nerves play a major role through the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P. Endothelium-dependent vasomotion implicates nitric oxide, prostacyclin, endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizing factors, and endothelin. Myogenic response also plays a role and explains why autoregulation is weak but exists in glabrous human skin. Variations in skin blood flow result from highly complex interactions between these mechanisms. In this article, we will detail the anatomy, physiology, and current methods of exploring the human microcirculation. We will further discuss the part played by cutaneous microvascular impairment in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, or diseases more specifically affecting the skin.

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Mobile phone based laser speckle contrast imager for assessment of skin blood flow

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Static laser speckle contrast analysis for noninvasive burn diagnosis using a camera-phone imager

Static laser speckle contrast analysis for noninvasive burn diagnosis using a camera-phone imager

In vivo burn diagnosis by camera-phone diffuse reflectance laser speckle detection

Human Skin Microcirculation

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