“…In order to reduce the negative consequences of excessive mobile phone use, studies have been conducted to investigate the factors contributing to both mobile phone use and problematic mobile phone use (e.g. Butt & Philips, 2008;Ehrenberg, et al, 2008;Lee, Tam, & Chie, 2014;Beranuy et al, 2009;Bianchi & Phillips, 2005) Problematic Mobile Phone Use Different terms have been used to describe addictive tendencies of media use (Lee, Ho, and Lwin, 2017;Charlton et al, 2013) such as addiction, dependency, and problematic use. Existing mobile phone studies also used different terms to describe the addictive tendencies of mobile phone use, such as mobile phone addiction (Hong et al, 2012;Leung, 2008;Salehan & Negahban, 2013), mobile phone involvement (Walsh, White, Cox & Young, 2011), mobile phone dependency (Ezoe et al, 2009;Kawasaki et al, 2006;Sánchez-Martínez & Otero, 2009;Toda et al, 2006), and problematic mobile phone use (Billieux, 2015;Beranuy et al, 2009;Bianchi & Phillips, 2005;Martinotti et al, 2011;Merlo et al, 2013;Takao et al, 2009).…”