Mobilisation of heavy metals by deicing salts in a roadside environment

Bäckström, Mattias; Karlsson, Stefan; Bäckman, Lars; Folkeson, Lennart; Lind, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2003.11.006

Cited by 280 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Hence, a median ionic strength is not representative for several sites or seasons. Winter maintenance practices, such as de-icing salt applications, generate chlorides and associated cations, in particular sodium and calcium, that can have an effect on the removal of heavy metals [49,50]. Thus, the ionic strength previously used in lab experiments does not reflect the amount and composition of the cations and anions of real stormwater runoff.…”

Section: Implementation Of Ionic Strength and The Ph Value Of Stormwamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Factors Influencing Lab-Scale Studies to Determine Heavy Metal Removal by Six Sorbents for Stormwater Treatment

Huber

Badenberg

Wulff

et al. 2016

Water

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For the development of decentralized treatment systems for road runoff, the determination of pollutant removal capacities is essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of boundary conditions on the simultaneous removal of copper, nickel, and zinc by six sorbents used for urban stormwater treatment (i.e., granular activated alumina, anthracite, granular reactivated carbon, granular ferric hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and granular activated lignite). For batch experiments, capacities were determined at initial concentrations within the range of 2.5-180 mg/L with a rotary shaker. Further influences were investigated: the use of a horizontal shaker for concentrations of up to 1080 mg/L, a variation of the initial pH value (5 and 7), and the presence of a buffer. Furthermore, the influences of the filtration process on the capacities were studied. Kinetic experiments were conducted for contact times between 5 min and 120 min. Lab-scale column experiments with inflow concentrations of 2.5 mg/L (copper and nickel) and 5.0 mg/L (zinc) at an initial pH of 5 and a contact time of 11 min were performed for comparison. Selected experiments were subsequently carried out with changes in initial concentrations and contact time. One result is that it is essential to conduct batch experiments with the metals of interest. The capacities determined by column experiments deviated from batch experiments. Batch experiments under well-defined conditions can be used to evaluate different production batches. Column experiments give a more faithful capacity by considering realistic boundary conditions and should be preferred to determine efficiencies and service lives.

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Section: Implementation Of Ionic Strength and The Ph Value Of Stormwamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Factors Influencing Lab-Scale Studies to Determine Heavy Metal Removal by Six Sorbents for Stormwater Treatment

Huber

Badenberg

Wulff

et al. 2016

Water

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“…This complexity is highlighted by indirect (or secondary) effects of pollution on geochemical processes, especially on increasing mobility of heavy metals in soils (Bäckström et al 2004;Norrström and Jacks 1998;Norrström 2005;Rasa et al 2006), selective retention of Na, Ca, and Mg combined with high mobility of chloride ions in soils (Cunningham et al 2008), or disturbance of nitrogen transformations in soils (Green et al 2008). Although the results of comprehensive studies on the influence of road deicers on the environment have been published (e.g., Cekstere et al 2008;Czerniewska-Kusza et al 2004), still little is known on the geochemical behavior of salt constituents in snow-soil-plant systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of chloride deicers on mineral nutrition and the health status of roadside trees in the city of Kielce, Poland

Gałuszka

Migaszewski

Podlaski

et al. 2010

Environ Monit Assess

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Application of chemical road deicers has a negative impact on roadside vegetation. Every year, the trees in cities suffer from direct and indirect effects of salt application for winter road maintenance. To elucidate this problem in the city of Kielce, the chemistry of snow, soil, tree bark, and leaf samples has been investigated together with an assessment of the health status of the trees. Twelve investigation sites were selected along the roads with different traffic intensity. Snow samples were collected twice during the winter and analyzed for pH, EC, Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Cl − . In soil (collected from two depth intervals), tree bark, and leaf samples, the concentrations of B, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, Na, P, S, and Zn were determined. The contents of total organic carbon (TOC) in soils, as well as the pH of soil and tree bark samples were also measured. Nega-A. Gałuszka (B) · Z. M. Migaszewski · S. Dołęgowska · A. Michalik Geochemistry and the Environment Div., Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, 15GŚwiętokrzyska Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland e-mail: aggie@ujk.kielce.pl R. Podlaski Nature Conservation Div., Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 15Świętokrzyska Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland tive symptoms revealed by roadside trees included the loss of assimilative apparatus and decreased vitality. The results of chemical analyses indicated that the snowmelt might be a substantial source of chloride ions and alkalizing substances that influenced higher pH of soils. The soil samples displayed elevated concentrations of S and Zn and lower than typical for soil contents of B, Mg, and TOC. The pH of alkaline soils favored greater bioavailability of B and reduced bioavailability of Na and Zn by the trees examined.

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“…Two competing effects of salts have been suggested upon which solubilization of organic matter is dependent: sodium dispersion and pH suppression (Amrhein et al, 1992;Bäckström et al, 2004;Green et al, 2008Green et al, , 2009a. That is, upon salt additions, the replacements of Ca 2+ and Al 3+ of soils by Na + would be expected to increase DOC solubility, because trivalent Al 3+ and divalent Ca 2+ reduce organic carbon solubility far more than monovalent Na + (Amrhein et al, 1992).…”

Section: S Duan and S S Kaushal: Salinization Alters Fluxes Of Biomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, upon salt additions, the replacements of Ca 2+ and Al 3+ of soils by Na + would be expected to increase DOC solubility, because trivalent Al 3+ and divalent Ca 2+ reduce organic carbon solubility far more than monovalent Na + (Amrhein et al, 1992). In addition, salinization suppresses pH in solution over shorter timescales due to the mobile anion effect and therefore decreases DOC leaching from soils (Bäckström et al, 2004;Li et al, 2007;Green et al, 2008). In addition to pH suppression, flocculation/sorption or inhibitory effects on microbial activity have also been suggested as possible mechanisms for DOC retention upon increased salinization (e.g., Compton and Church, 2011;Ondrašek et al, 2012).…”

Section: S Duan and S S Kaushal: Salinization Alters Fluxes Of Biomentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinization alters fluxes of bioreactive elements from stream ecosystems across land use

Duan

Kaushal

2015

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. There has been increased salinization of fresh water over decades due to the use of road salt deicers, wastewater discharges, saltwater intrusion, human-accelerated weathering, and groundwater irrigation. Salinization can mobilize bioreactive elements (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur) chemically via ion exchange and/or biologically via influencing of microbial activity. However, the effects of salinization on coupled biogeochemical cycles are still not well understood. We investigated potential impacts of increased salinization on fluxes of bioreactive elements from stream ecosystems (sediments and riparian soils) to overlying stream water and evaluated the implications of percent urban land use on salinization effects. Two-day incubations of sediments and soils with stream and deionized water across three salt levels were conducted at eight routine monitoring stations across a land-use gradient at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Results indicated (1) salinization typically increased sediment releases of labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total dissolved Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) (ammonium + ammonia + dissolved organic nitrogen), and sediment transformations of nitrate; (2) salinization generally decreased DOC aromaticity and fluxes of soluble reactive phosphorus from both sediments and soils; (3) the effects of increased salinization on sediment releases of DOC and TKN and DOC quality increased with percentage watershed urbanization. Biogeochemical responses to salinization varied between sediments and riparian soils in releases of DOC and DIC, and nitrate transformations. The differential responses of riparian soils and sediments to increased salinization were likely due to differences in organic matter sources and composition. Our results suggest that short-term increases in salinization can cause releases of significant amounts of labile organic carbon and nitrogen from stream substrates and organic transformations of nitrogen and phosphorus in urban watersheds. Given that salinization of fresh water will increase in the future due to human activities, significant impacts on carbon and nutrient mobilization and water quality should be anticipated.

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Mobilisation of heavy metals by deicing salts in a roadside environment

Cited by 280 publications

References 45 publications

Evaluation of Factors Influencing Lab-Scale Studies to Determine Heavy Metal Removal by Six Sorbents for Stormwater Treatment

Evaluation of Factors Influencing Lab-Scale Studies to Determine Heavy Metal Removal by Six Sorbents for Stormwater Treatment

The influence of chloride deicers on mineral nutrition and the health status of roadside trees in the city of Kielce, Poland

Salinization alters fluxes of bioreactive elements from stream ecosystems across land use

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