Mobility, Poverty, and Gender: Travel ‘Choices’ of Slum Residents in Nairobi, Kenya

Salon, Deborah; Gulyani, Sumila

doi:10.1080/01441640903298998

Cited by 150 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The lack of publicly available and safe transport for women workers, especially those with low income, limits their labour force participation as this confines them to a smaller pool of potential employers and jobs and reduces their ability to bargain over and improve the terms and conditions of employment (Salon and Gulyani 2010;Dickerson 2002). Where caring responsibilities are not adequately met, the lack of available transport can only exacerbate women's dependency on a smaller set of job opportunities (Schwanen 2007;Mauch and Taylor, 1996;Preston and McLafferty, 1993).…”

Section: A M Ain Trends and Challenges In The Provision Of An Integrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effort Years and Underperformance : The Intersection of Employment, Social Protection, and Gender in South Korea

O’Malley¹

2017

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International Labour Office women workers / equal rights / labour force participation / unemployment / hours of work / labour market segmentation / wage differential / gender equality / sex discrimination / unpaid work / social protection / family responsibilities / trend / developed countries / developing countries 14.02.2 ILO Cataloguing in Publication DataThe designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers.The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them.Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval.ILO publications and digital products can be obtained through major booksellers and digital distribution platforms, or ordered directly from ilo@turpin-distribution.com. For more information, visit our website: www.ilo.org/publns or contact ilopubs@ilo.org. II. Labour force participation rates 6A. Narrowing of labour force participation gaps in most regions 6 B. W idening participation gaps in Eastern and Southern Asia 7 III. Employment-to-population ratios 8A. Higher employment-to-population ratios for men 8 B. I ncreased share of women employees 8 C. Disproportionate share of women in contributing family work 10 D. Higher proportion of women in informal employment 11 IV. Unemployment rates 12A. Persistent gender gaps in unemployment rates 12B. Higher levels of unemployment among young women 14 V. W orking time for pay or profit and unpaid work 17A VII. Gender wage gap 28A. Substantial gender wage gap but signs of moderate reduction 28B. E conomic growth alone will not ensure a gender equitable distribution of the gains 28 VIII. Gender gaps in access to social protection 30A. Gender inequities in pensions 30B. C overage gaps in maternity protection 35 Conclusion 35Part Two. Gender gaps in the quality of work I. Sectoral and occupational segregation 39A. Causes of sex segregation at work 39 B. G ender gaps in entrepreneurship 40C. Gender gaps in women's representation in decision-making and leadership positions 41 D. Tackling the root causes of sectoral and occupational segregation 42 1. Encouraging young girls and boys to break gender stereotypes through education and outreach 42 2. Offering training to women and men to enter into non-stereotypical fields 43 3. Promoting women's entrepreneurship 44 4. Supporting women's participation and leadership in decision-making 45 II. G ender wage gaps 48A F. Addressing...

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Section: A M Ain Trends and Challenges In The Provision Of An Integrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effort Years and Underperformance : The Intersection of Employment, Social Protection, and Gender in South Korea

O’Malley¹

2017

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“…The lack of rural roads and the poor quality of road infrastructure has been cited as a major constraint to agricultural production in East Africa (Salami, Kamara and Brixiova, 2010). However, the link between greater agricultural production and poverty elimination can be complicated by issues of land ownership and costs, employment and migration.…”

Section: Agricultural Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of High-density Residential Developments in Korea on Utilization of Public Transport - Focusing on the Sequence of Supply between Apartments and Subways in Seoul

Choi¹,

Kim²,

Lim³

2016

jkpa

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“…These auto-oriented strategies not only make it hard and unsafe for non-motorised modes to access cities (Gwilliam, 2003;Watson, 2014;WHO, 2015); they also lead to increased number of accidents that disproportionately affect non-motorised modes (WHO, 2015). These disadvantages ultimately lead to reduced accessibility to opportunities such as jobs, education and health services for those who cannot afford motorised modes (Diaz Olvera, Didier, Pochet, & Maidadi, 2012;Salon & Gulyani, 2010). The appropriateness and effectiveness of these auto-oriented transport planning strategies to generate positive social impacts for low income groups remains doubtful (Grieco, Ndulo, Bryceson, Porter, & McCray, 2009;Lucas, 2011;McCray, 2004;Watson, 2014).…”

Section: Unrelenting Exclusion Amid 'Progress' In Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, exclusion also takes a gender dimension. Cases have been reported where the most vulnerable women, children, the old, and physically disabled are constrained from making out-of-home trips due to poor road conditions (Diaz Olvera et al, 2013), unaffordability (Salon & Gulyani, 2010), and poor and unreliable public transport (UN-HABITAT, 2014). We therefore argue that richer results of exclusion could be obtained if the definition of transport exclusion in the context of these SubSaharan African cities incorporated these conditions.…”

Section: Contextualising Transport Exclusion In Sub-saharan African Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framing Social Inclusion as a Benchmark for Cycling-Inclusive Transport Policy in Kisumu, Kenya

Alando

Scheiner

2016

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Cycling in many cities of the Global South faces unending exclusion from street spaces despite the on-going transport policy reforms. This exclusion worsens the marginalisation of the poor majority who use this mode. In this paper, we formulate social inclusion as a policy tool for reconciling transport policy to the cycling needs of Kisumu, Kenya. We draw from social quality theory and Lefebvre's right to the city concept to assemble the ideals of social inclusion. These ideals form the benchmark for a qualitative content analysis of the policy pronouncements contained in the Kenya Vision 2030 and the Integrated National Transport Policy to ascertain the opportunities presented by these policies for cycling inclusion. Findings from interviews held with transport professionals in government and private practice support this content analysis. Results show that while the Kenya Vision 2030 focuses on economic growth, the Government has prioritised the implementation of its projects, thus diminishing the fragile opportunity for cycling inclusion presented by the transport policy. To consolidate this opportunity, we propose different policy recommendations to improve the terms for cyclists to claim and produce street spaces.

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Mobility, Poverty, and Gender: Travel ‘Choices’ of Slum Residents in Nairobi, Kenya

Cited by 150 publications

References 9 publications

Effort Years and Underperformance : The Intersection of Employment, Social Protection, and Gender in South Korea

Effort Years and Underperformance : The Intersection of Employment, Social Protection, and Gender in South Korea

The Effect of High-density Residential Developments in Korea on Utilization of Public Transport - Focusing on the Sequence of Supply between Apartments and Subways in Seoul

Framing Social Inclusion as a Benchmark for Cycling-Inclusive Transport Policy in Kisumu, Kenya

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