Mobilization of arsenic, lead, and mercury under conditions of sea water intrusion and road deicing salt application

Sun, Hongbing; Alexander, J.; Gove, Brita; Koch, Manfred

doi:10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.07.002

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The salinity increase in waters was correlated to the increase of Mg 2+ , K + , and Ca 2+ cation concentrations coming from soil road runoff passed through [66,67]. Judd et al [68] attributed the Ca 2+ and K + concentration increase in the Third Sister lake (Michigan) between 1981 and 2004, to cationic exchanges between those ions and sodium, whereas concentrations of Mg 2+ and SO 4 2− remained unchanged.…”

Section: Surface Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, after salting operations, Na + concentration increases in the soil solution. Sodium enters in competition with other cations at the sites of ionic exchanges leading to an increase in Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ concentrations in the soil solution [19,41,56,61,63,66,[71][72][73][74][75]. Because of its stronger attraction to negatively charged soil particles, Mg 2+ may accelerate Na + leaching by displacing it in soils [23].…”

Section: Cation Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, the presence of Na + in clays induces the formation of a platelet structure, more mobile in interstitial water. The presence of Na + in the soil provokes particle (clay and organic matter) dispersions [66] and a swelling decreasing hydraulic conductivity by obstruction of pores [86,87]. Structural stability of a soil, apparent density, and soil permeability will then decrease in the presence of Na + [86][87][88][89].…”

Section: Impacts On the Soil Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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NaCl Material for Winter Maintenance and Its Environmental Effect

Đuričković¹

2020

Salt in the Earth

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All over the world, winter maintenance is based on the application of the NaCl salt on roads, a product necessary for the elimination of slippery conditions. The quantities used for the salting operations are increasing with the development of the road network (in France, up to 2 million tons are applied each winter). This chapter will present the salt used as a deicer (its origin and chemical composition) and its chemical properties that are exploited for that purpose. Furthermore, an overview of the means of its transfer from the roads to the environment (soils and waters) as well as its impacts on these media will be presented, a special attention being devoted to the soil. The interactions of salt with other road pollutants and the treatment possibilities in the road pollution context will be discussed.

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Section: Surface Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cation Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impacts On the Soil Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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NaCl Material for Winter Maintenance and Its Environmental Effect

Đuričković¹

2020

Salt in the Earth

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“…Overall, in many studies, concerns have been expressed for the increased salt intrusion into the coastal aquifer in regards to the release of heavy metals, such as Hg, to the drinking water supply [16]. For different reasons, such as groundwater over-exploitation, sea-level rise and increased salt applications for winter deicing in northern watersheds, many areas in the US, Europe, and Canada face the same problem, i.e., the contamination of the water supply with Hg [1,2,[13][14][15][16][17]. The causes of such elevated heavy metal concentrations in response to the increased salt concentrations have been attributed to cation exchange, complex formation with Cl and colloidal dispersion [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury Speciation in the Water Distribution System of Skiathos Island, Greece

2018

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In recent years, mercury (Hg) concentration that exceeds the Maximum Contaminant Level Standard set by the World Health Organisation for drinking water has been detected in the groundwater of Skiathos Island in Greece. The island single source of urban water is groundwater; as a result, tap water has been characterised as unsafe for drinking and people rely on bottled water for their everyday needs. The origin and speciation of Hg in the aquifer is investigated with the use of the Pourbaix diagram, while the possible correlation with groundwater salinization due to seawater intrusion is examined.

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“…As ion balances shift well beyond equilibrium, other chemical activity increases. Eventually a steady increase of chloride concentrations can systematically alter aquatic life and vegetation, particularly in urban streams (Cañedo-Argüelles et al, 2016;Renöfält & Nilsson, 2008;Sadler & Bates, 2008;Sun, Alexander, Gove, & Koch, 2015). As urbanization increases over time and space, conditions perpetually worsen and lead to lifeless, corrosive urban streams laden with heavy metals.…”

Section: Chloride and Metal Mobilization In Urban Streamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride and corrosiveness

Kauten¹

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My research examines dimensions of freshwater salinization at the local and statewide scale and the capacity for public agency response. This study grows knowledge of this phenomenon by considering secondary effects such as metal mobilization. Primary and secondary water quality data sources and in-depth interviews compare chloride concentrations, copper, zinc and three corrosiveness indexes to assess local conditions and determine long-term statewide trends from 2001-2010. A series of in-depth interview transcripts were analyzed for patterns in themes, terminology and identify key factors in management decision-making. Results indicate local, urban chloride concentrations exist well above what is considered background conditions for Iowa streams. Pulses of maximum chloride concentrations exceed both acute and chronic toxicity, with runoff from roadway surfaces at one quarter the ionic strength of sea water. Meanwhile, long-term trends measured in larger-order streams indicate chloride concentrations are declining, possibly due to increased base flow. Potential for promoting galvanic corrosion is increasing over time, but likely as a function of sulfate, not chloride. When groundwater is present, carbonate ions likely sequester any mobilized metals. However, higher proportions of impervious surfaces in urban areas reduce the ability for groundwater and carbonate geology to sequester ions due to more surface water influencing local hydrology. Metals will then potentially mobilize when salts are present. Management of freshwater salinization is evolving, based on interview transcript details. Regulation tends to occur primarily for drinking water protection, and accounts for both household and industrial chloride sources. Feedback from public agency managers indicate managers tasked with snow and ice removal tend to view chloride as a tool, whereas scientists and regulated agencies consider it a pollutant of concern. This divide likely spurs inconsistent patterns in decisionvi making and prioritization. Salt is an important resource for managers and comprises a significant proportion of operating budgets and schedules. The role of salt in public works suggests industrial suppliers as key stakeholders. The salt industry has a unique opportunity to play a major role in solving what may ultimately become one of the most challenging water quality problems of the 21st Century.

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Mobilization of arsenic, lead, and mercury under conditions of sea water intrusion and road deicing salt application

Cited by 35 publications

References 39 publications

NaCl Material for Winter Maintenance and Its Environmental Effect

NaCl Material for Winter Maintenance and Its Environmental Effect

Mercury Speciation in the Water Distribution System of Skiathos Island, Greece

Chloride and corrosiveness

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