This paper examines the contribution of Norman Macintosh to the development of structuration theory which is then used to investigate accounting and the European Union emissions trading system (EU ETS).The research of Norman Macintosh demonstrated the potential of structuration theory as a sensitizing device for management accounting research by illustrating how accounting represents the dimensions of signification, legitimation and domination as well as the ethics of profit manipulation using the dialectic of control. He also demonstrated the role of agency in changing management accounting systems (MAS), which represent a source of ontological security, as well as the role of methodological bracketing. Extending the critical perspective of the work of Norman Macintosh, the investigation of accounting and the EU ETS using structuration theory demonstrated how the EU ETS and the financial reporting interpretation for emission rights, IFRIC 3, represented the dimensions of signification, legitimation and domination. A structural contradiction resulting in measurement mismatches, tension between two moral stances and resource allocation problems led to the withdrawal of IFRIC 3, which has resulted in the IASB and the FASB forming a coalition to develop guidance on accounting for ETS.Keywords: Norman Macintosh; Structuration theory; Management accounting systems; Methodological bracketing; Emissions trading; Unintended consequences; Structural contradiction 3
IntroductionThis paper provides an overview of the contribution of Norman Macintosh to the development of structuration theory, which is then used as a sensitizing device to analyse the introduction of the European Union emissions trading system (EU ETS) and the associated accounting interpretation, IFRIC 3. The research of Norman Macintosh, Robert Scapens and John Roberts developed structuration theory (Giddens, 1976(Giddens, , 1979(Giddens, , 1984 as a theoretical framework that enables management accounting research to include social and political phenomena for the purpose of understanding accounting practices (Macintosh & Scapens, 1990, 1991Roberts & Scapens, 1985). Specifically, Norman Macintosh has used structuration theory to analyse accounting and control systems as well as organizational change (Macintosh, 1994;Macintosh & Scapens, 1990;1991), profit manipulation (Macintosh, 1995), the need for methodological brackets (Scapens & Macintosh, 1996) as well as the use of ethnographic research studies (Jönsson & Macintosh, 1997). In addition, the work of Norman Macintosh and RobertScapens was the focus of a methodological debate in structuration theory (Macintosh & Scapens, 1990;Boland, 1993;Scapens & Macintosh, 1996;Boland, 1996).The IASB has recognized that the use of, and interest in, ETS has continued to grow worldwide, resulting in a demand for consistent and transparent accounting treatment (IASB, 2007a(IASB, , 2007b Critical research of the EU ETS can be undertaken from a variety of paradigms such as interpretist, radical structuralist, ...