Mode of Boron Solubility in Ferrous Alloys

Calos, Nicholas J.; Graham, E.; Cousens, D.R.; Christodoulou, Periklis; Kennard, C. H. L.; Bekessy, L. K.; Parker, Stewart F.

doi:10.2320/matertrans.42.496

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The phase in the hardfacing alloy without tungsten addition is mainly composed of M 7 (C, B) 3 , M 3 (C, B), martensite and residual austenite. This is in conformity with other works, 17 which identify M 7 (C, B) 3 , M 3 (C, B) and martensite in the presence of Fe–Cr–B–C alloys. The addition of different tungsten does not change the phase compositions, except some tungsten solutes into M 7 (C, B) 3 and M 3 (C, B) carbides.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Influence of tungsten on microstructure and wear resistance of iron base hardfacing alloy

Liu

Wei

2014

Materials Science and Technology

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A series of iron based hardfacing alloys with varying tungsten contents were fabricated using slag free self-shielded flux cored wire, and the effects of tungsten addition on microstructure and wear performance were investigated. The experimental results showed that the iron base tungsten free hardfacing alloy has a typical hypereutectic microstructure, which consists of primary hexagonal M7(C, B)3 carbides and eutectic long bar-like M3(C, B) carbides in the austenite and martensite matrix. The addition of tungsten increases the size of primary hexagonal M7(C, B)3 carbides and promotes the formation of martensite, as well as changes the morphology of eutectic carbides. It was found that the eutectic carbides change from the long bar-like shape to the scattered web shape with the increase in tungsten content to 9 wt-, and subsequently change to the plate shape with further increasing the tungsten content to 12 wt-. For the all tungsten containing hardfacing alloys, tungsten exists in both the carbides and matrix uniformly. Results also showed that the wear loss of the sample with 9 wt- tungsten was the smallest among all the samples owing to the higher hardness and reinforced microstructure.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Influence of tungsten on microstructure and wear resistance of iron base hardfacing alloy

Liu

Wei

2014

Materials Science and Technology

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“…A subsequent study by Thomas and Leak also concluded that boron is interstitially dissolved in α‐Fe based on internal friction measurements on practically pure Fe (0.002 C and 0.001 N, wt%) containing 0.05 wt% B. This finding was further corroborated in a later study of as‐cast boron‐containing Fe–8 wt% Cr alloys, based on X‐ray and neutron diffractometry and inelastic neutron scattering by Calos et al The added boron is more likely to be interstitially dissolved in α‐Fe, rather than substitutionally dissolved.…”

Section: Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Boron in Heat‐Treatable Steels: A Review

Sharma

Ortlepp

Bleck

2019

steel research int.

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The science and technology of boron addition to heat‐treatable steels are explained. The aim is to address the following: How to add boron to steel (i.e., the manufacturing aspects of boron addition to steel)? What precautions are necessary when alloying boron to steel, in terms of composition (mainly nitrogen, aluminum, and titanium contents), processing and heat treatment (i.e., material and process robustness and reproducibility for a consistent steel quality)? Where does boron go in steel (i.e., the state of boron, interstitial or substitutional solute, precipitate or a complex with other alloying elements; as well as the location of boron, i.e., dissolved as a solute in the grain or segregated at the grain boundary)? Which characterization methods are suitable for the detection of the very small amounts of boron (<30 wt ppm) in heat‐treatable steels? What does boron do in steel (i.e., its effect on hardenability and mechanical properties, specifically impact toughness)? How does it do and what it does (i.e., the physical mechanism by which it influences the properties)? How much boron is really required to achieve the desired properties in heat‐treatable steels (i.e., recommendations for the optimum boron content)?

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“…Boron has a very limited solubility in steel (<0.008 wt pct), even at the high temperature austenite phase. [18] cation path follows the sequence: solidification of c-Fe as primary phase followed by the eutectic reaction L fi M 2 B + c-Fe. [19] 4.…”

Section: A Boron Modified Supermartensitic Stainless Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solidification Sequence of Spray-Formed Steels

Zepon

Ellendt

Uhlenwinkel

et al. 2015

Metall Mater Trans A

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Solidification in spray-forming is still an open discussion in the atomization and deposition area. This paper proposes a solidification model based on the equilibrium solidification path of alloys. The main assumptions of the model are that the deposition zone temperature must be above the alloy's solidus temperature and that the equilibrium liquid fraction at this temperature is reached, which involves partial remelting and/or redissolution of completely solidified droplets. When the deposition zone is cooled, solidification of the remaining liquid takes place under near equilibrium conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM) were used to analyze the microstructures of two different spray-formed steel grades: (1) boron modified supermartensitic stainless steel (SMSS) and (2) D2 tool steel. The microstructures were analyzed to determine the sequence of phase formation during solidification. In both cases, the solidification model proposed was validated.

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Mode of Boron Solubility in Ferrous Alloys

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Influence of tungsten on microstructure and wear resistance of iron base hardfacing alloy

Influence of tungsten on microstructure and wear resistance of iron base hardfacing alloy

Boron in Heat‐Treatable Steels: A Review

Solidification Sequence of Spray-Formed Steels

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