Mode tailoring of laser written waveguides in LiNbO3 crystals by multi-scan of femtosecond laser pulses

Zhang, Bin; Xiong, Bingcheng; Li, Ziqi; Lv, Jinman; Lu, Qingming; Wang, Lei; Chen, Feng

doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2018.11.001

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…To remedy this additional elements, such as spatial light modulators (SLMs), might be needed in the optical system, complicating the setup and the process [ 71 , 72 ]. Alternatively, a multi-scan approach [ 73 , 74 ] or special light-matter interactions [ 75 ] might be exploited to make the cross-section of modification round. All of this can be combined with possibility to inscribe Bragg gratings into integrated waveguides, allowing creation of true functional 3D optical systems.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Functional 3d Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Manufacturing of Glass Microstructures Using Femtosecond Laser

Butkutė

Jonušauskas

2021

Micromachines

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The rapid expansion of femtosecond (fs) laser technology brought previously unavailable capabilities to laser material processing. One of the areas which benefited the most due to these advances was the 3D processing of transparent dielectrics, namely glasses and crystals. This review is dedicated to overviewing the significant advances in the field. First, the underlying physical mechanism of material interaction with ultrashort pulses is discussed, highlighting how it can be exploited for volumetric, high-precision 3D processing. Next, three distinct transparent material modification types are introduced, fundamental differences between them are explained, possible applications are highlighted. It is shown that, due to the flexibility of fs pulse fabrication, an array of structures can be produced, starting with nanophotonic elements like integrated waveguides and photonic crystals, ending with a cm-scale microfluidic system with micro-precision integrated elements. Possible limitations to each processing regime as well as how these could be overcome are discussed. Further directions for the field development are highlighted, taking into account how it could synergize with other fs-laser-based manufacturing techniques.

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Section: Fabrication Of Functional 3d Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Manufacturing of Glass Microstructures Using Femtosecond Laser

Butkutė

Jonušauskas

2021

Micromachines

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“…90 Based on type I modification, a multiscan technique can be employed for the fabrication of symmetrical waveguides in which several single-line tracks are overlapped transversal to the writing direction. 91 Such a design is preferred to support waveguiding accessible to long wavelengths with low-loss propagation owing to a significant increase of the index contrast. 89 For Δn < 0, the track region has a low index in comparison with the surrounds, and the vicinal zones have a relatively high index that may serve as guiding regions.…”

Section: Type I and Type Ii Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, in the regime of low repetition rate (8 kHz), the multifoci tracks based on type I modification can be demonstrated as the energy increases and the track morphology is determined by the energy of laser pulses. 91 Another interesting sample is LiTaO 3 crystal, where the multiple-focusing spots with different numbers are also realized, depending on the laser-irradiated parameters. 109 Using the multiscan technique, researchers have fabricated desired structures to obtain horizontal tracks for waveguide-guiding along with TE polarization, whereas the normal double-line waveguide only supports TM polarization [Fig.…”

Section: Properties Of Crystal Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond laser-inscribed optical waveguides in dielectric crystals: a concise review and recent advances

Kong

Chen

2022

Adv. Photon.

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“…Furthermore, a variant evolved from single-line approach carries out multiple laser scans that are overlapped/neighbored transversally to the writing direction. This is the so-called multipass technique 35 , which can be used to construct positive step-index cores with configurable, e.g., symmetric, cross-sectional shapes and even tailored modal profiles 36 . This approach also offers the possibility to fabricate a waveguide supporting guidance at longer wavelengths since the guiding core in this case is larger than a single-line structure.…”

Section: Variability -Design Prototypes For Nonlinear Waveguide Geomementioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond laser direct writing of flexibly configured waveguide geometries in optical crystals: fabrication and application

Jia¹,

Wang²,

Chen³

2020

Opto-Electronic Advances

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142

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Optical waveguides are far more than mere connecting elements in integrated optical systems and circuits. Benefiting from their high optical confinement and miniaturized footprints, waveguide structures established based on crystalline materials, particularly, are opening exciting possibilities and opportunities in photonic chips by facilitating their on-chip integration with different functionalities and highly compact photonic circuits. Femtosecond-laser-direct writing (FsLDW), as a true three-dimensional (3D) micromachining and microfabrication technology, allows rapid prototyping of on-demand waveguide geometries inside transparent materials via localized material modification. The success of FsLDW lies not only in its unsurpassed aptitude for realizing 3D devices but also in its remarkable material-independence that enables cross-platform solutions. This review emphasizes FsLDW fabrication of waveguide structures with 3D layouts in dielectric crystals. Their functionalities as passive and active photonic devices are also demonstrated and discussed.

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Mode tailoring of laser written waveguides in LiNbO3 crystals by multi-scan of femtosecond laser pulses

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

3D Manufacturing of Glass Microstructures Using Femtosecond Laser

3D Manufacturing of Glass Microstructures Using Femtosecond Laser

Femtosecond laser-inscribed optical waveguides in dielectric crystals: a concise review and recent advances

Femtosecond laser direct writing of flexibly configured waveguide geometries in optical crystals: fabrication and application

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