By pumping an 11-cm-long step-index chalcogenide fiber with ∼330  fs pulses at 4.0 μm from an optical parametric amplifier, mid-infrared supercontinuum generation spanning from ∼1.8 to ∼10  μm within a dynamic range of ±15  dB has been demonstrated at a relatively low power threshold of ∼3000  W.

We reported diverse soliton operations in a thulium/holmium-doped fiber laser by taking advantage of a tapered fiber-based topological insulator (TI) Bi 2 Te 3 saturable absorber (SA). The SA had a nonsaturable loss of ∼53.5% and a modulation depth of 9.8%. Stable fundamentally mode-locked solitons at 1909.5 nm with distinct Kelly sidebands on the output spectrum, a pulse repetition rate of 21.5 MHz, and a measured pulse width of 1.26 ps were observed in the work. By increasing the pump power, both bunched solitons with soliton number up to 15 and harmonically mode-locked solitons with harmonic order up to 10 were obtained. To our knowledge, this is the first report of both bunched solitons and harmonically mode-locked solitons in a fiber laser at 2 μm region incorporated with TIs.

High-purity Ge-As-Se and Ge-As-S chalcogenide glasses were prepared by modified physical and chemical purification techniques. Using the purified glasses, step-index fibers with a small core (~5.5 lm) and large numerical aperture (~1.3) were fabricated. When a 13.5-cm-long fiber was pumped with 320 fs pulses at a repetition rate of 10.5 MHz at 4.1 lm, supercontinuum spanning from~1.8 to~9.8 lm with a dynamic range of ±10 dB and an average power of~3 mW was generated. P. Lucas-contributing editorManuscript No. 36278.

A passively Q-switched fiber laser near 2 μm is achieved with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) as a saturable absorber. Stable Q-switched pulses are generated from an extremely compact setup with a central wavelength of 1958.2 nm. Under the bidirectional pump configuration, the repetition rate of the fiber laser can be widely tuned from 20 to 80 kHz by increasing the pump power at the same time the pulse width decreases from 1 μs to 490 ns. When the incident pump power is 1.3 W, the average output power, the pulse repetition rate, the pulse width, and the highest single pulse energy are 91 mW, 80 kHz, 490 ns, and 1.14 μJ, respectively. To further optimize the system configuration, the pulse width can be reduced to 362 ns when the cavity length is reduced.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to separate households into several types based on their features, and then to further investigate determinants of household fish consumption in China by figuring out consumption preference divergences between types of households under the effects of economic and socio-demographics factors. Design/methodology/approach -This paper first applies Multiple Correspondence Analysis to separate the modalities of variables and households according to their features, with health knowledge and time constraint of a spouse highlighted. Then, the transcribed principal information of both variables and households has been added into Marshallian demand function with fish price, income, child effect, and health status for identification of factors on household fish demand. The robust fixed effect and robust random effect GLS regression has been conducted.