Model Ecosystem Studies of the Environmental Fate of Six Organochlorine Pesticides

Metcalf, Robert; Kapoor, Inder P.; Lu, Po-Yung; Schuth, Carter K.; Sherman, Patricia

doi:10.2307/3428180

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Such compounds tend not to be sequestered in fatty tissues and can be excreted rather easily by animals. Comparisions with data for industrial chemicals (21) and pesticides (19,22) indicate that compounds of lower water solubility and higher partition coefficients accumulate in organisms and biomagnify through food chains more than the chemicals evaluated here.…”

Section: Analysis Of Model Feedlot Ecosystem Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Model ecosystem evaluation of the environmental impacts of the veterinary drugs phenothiazine, sulfamethazine, clopidol, and diethylstilbestrol.

Coats¹,

Metcalf²,

Lu³

et al. 1976

Environ Health Perspect

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Four veterinary drugs of dissimilar chemical structure were evaluated for environmental stability and penchant for bioaccumulation. The techniques used were I1) a model aquatic ecosystem (3 days) and (2) a model feedlpt ecosystem 133 days I in which the drugs were introduced via the excreta of chicks or mice. The model feedlot ecosystem was supported by metabolism cage studies to determine the'amount and the form of the drug excreted by the chicks or mice. Considerable quantities of all,the drugs were excreted intact or as environmentally short-lived conjugates.Diethylstilbestrol (DES) and Clopidol were the most persistent molecules, but only DES bioaccumulated to any 4ppreciable degree. Phenothiazine was very biodegradable; sulfamethazine was' relatively biodegradable and only accumulated in the organisms to very low levels.Data from the aquatic model ecosystem demonstrated a good correlation between the partitibn coefficients of the drugs and their accumulation in the fish.

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Section: Analysis Of Model Feedlot Ecosystem Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Model ecosystem evaluation of the environmental impacts of the veterinary drugs phenothiazine, sulfamethazine, clopidol, and diethylstilbestrol.

Coats¹,

Metcalf²,

Lu³

et al. 1976

Environ Health Perspect

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“…A 27,000-85,000 times concentration of DDT or degradation products in mosquitofish, compared with surrounding water, was observed after 33 days of exposure in a model ecosystem (Metcalf et al 1973). Likewise, the concentrations of DDT and degradation products in fishes from Lake Malawi, East Africa, were in the range of 100,000 times higher in tissues compared with the surrounding water (Kidd et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Disturbed sexual characteristics in male mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) from a lake contaminated with endocrine disruptors.

Toft

Edwards

Baatrup

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

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Previous laboratory studies have demonstrated that estrogenic and antiandrogenic chemicals can alter several sexual characteristics in male poeciliid fishes. Whether similar disturbances occur under field conditions remains to be confirmed. Lake Apopka, Florida, is contaminated with numerous chemicals, some of which possess endocrine-disrupting activity. Male mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) were collected monthly from December 2000 through May 2001 from Lake Apopka and two nearby reference lakes, Orange Lake and Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge. Selected sexual characteristics were compared temporally and among lakes during the collection period. Male fish from Lake Apopka had slightly shorter gonopodia and on average 32 and 47% fewer sperm cells per milligram testis, when compared with the fish collected from Orange Lake and Lake Woodruff, respectively. The testes weights increased markedly during spring, with significantly smaller testes in fish from Lake Apopka than from Orange Lake, but surprisingly, the smallest testes occurred in males obtained from the Lake Woodruff population. The highest liver weights were found in the Lake Apopka population. Whole-body concentrations of testosterone and estradiol varied among months; the peak testosterone concentration occurred in January and was significantly lower in male fish from Lake Apopka compared with Orange Lake. The intensity of male courtship behavior was highly correlated to body testosterone concentration, but no statistically significant differences in sexual behavior among the lakes were found. We conclude that sexual characteristics of relevance to male reproductive capacity are altered in the Lake Apopka mosquitofish population, and we discuss the presence of chemicals with antiandrogenic effects in Lake Apopka as a possible cause of the observed alterations.

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“…Pseudo-equilibrium accumulation of a chemical in an aquatic organism 2014,2015 is usually characterized by the bioconcentration factor (BCF),(2016) given as the ratio of the chemical concentrations in an organism and the surrounding aqueous phase. BCFs were frequently and successfully correlated with the reference partition coefficients, 1891,2017–2027 aqueous solubilities, 2017,2021,2023 and acidities.…”

Section: Disposition Of Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Kinetics of Subcellular Disposition of Chemicals

Baláž

2009

Chem. Rev.

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Model Ecosystem Studies of the Environmental Fate of Six Organochlorine Pesticides

Cited by 24 publications

References 4 publications

Model ecosystem evaluation of the environmental impacts of the veterinary drugs phenothiazine, sulfamethazine, clopidol, and diethylstilbestrol.

Model ecosystem evaluation of the environmental impacts of the veterinary drugs phenothiazine, sulfamethazine, clopidol, and diethylstilbestrol.

Disturbed sexual characteristics in male mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) from a lake contaminated with endocrine disruptors.

Modeling Kinetics of Subcellular Disposition of Chemicals

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