Model for Frequency Dynamics in an Islanded Microgrid and Primary Frequency Control Based on Disturbance Compensation

Hussain, Amir; Shireen, Wajiha

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3069769

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Table 6 shows the functions of different layers and their response time. Two main challenges in the control of microgrids are frequency [37,38] and voltage regulation. For frequency and voltage regulation, model-based controllers have been proposed.…”

Section: Microgridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-Free Predictive Control and Its Applications

2022

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Predictive control offers many advantages such as simple design and a systematic way to handle constraints. Model predictive control (MPC) belongs to predictive control, which uses a model of the system for predictions used in predictive control. A major drawback of MPC is the dependence of its performance on the model of the system. Any discrepancy between the system model and actual plant behavior will greatly affect the performance of the MPC. Recently, model-free approaches have been gaining attention because they are not dependent on the system model parameters. To obtain the advantages of both a model-free approach and predictive control, model-free predictive control (MFPC) is being explored and reported in the literature for different applications such as power electronics and electric drives. This paper presents an overview of model-free predictive control. A comprehensive review of the application of MFPC in power converters, electric drives, power systems, and microgrids is presented in this paper. Moreover, challenges, opportunities, and emerging trends in MFPC are also discussed in this paper.

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Section: Microgridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-Free Predictive Control and Its Applications

2022

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“…The FLTF of an SG depends on various factors, such as rotor parameters, speed governor characteristics and droop coefficients. Based on these factors, the FLTF, as derived in [26], is given as…”

Section: Fltf Of An Sg and Estimation Of Power Imbalancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Applying the final value theorem to Equation ( 26), the steady-state power imbalance converges to zero if the stability of the system is guaranteed, which can be determined by analyzing the pole of the transfer function in Equation (26). From Equation ( 26), the pole is obtained as…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid-Following Mode Operation of Small-Scale Distributed Battery Energy Storages for Fast Frequency Regulation in a Mixed-Source Microgrid

Hussain

Shireen

2021

Energies

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As the share of power converter-based renewable energy sources (RESs) is high, a microgrid, in islanded mode, is more vulnerable to frequency instability due to (1) sudden power imbalance and (2) low inertia. One of the most common approaches to address this issue is to provide virtual inertia to the system by appropriately controlling the grid-side converter of the RESs. However, the primary frequency controller (PFC) presented in this paper focuses on the fast compensation of power imbalance without adding inertia to the system. The proposed method is based on estimating the real-time power imbalance caused by a disturbance and compensating it using multiple small-scale distributed battery energy storage systems (BESSs). The power imbalance is estimated by observing the initial rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) following a disturbance. Based on the estimated power imbalance and the rating of the BESSs, the reference power for the BESSs is determined. The BESSs are controlled in grid-following mode to compensate for the power imbalance. The performance of the proposed PFC is verified using a Typhoon real-time simulator for various scenarios and is compared with the conventional virtual synchronous generator (VSG) controller.

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“…A microgrid is a small power generation system composed of distributed power sources, energy storage devices capable of bidirectional transmission, efficient energy conversion equipment, associated loads, and monitoring and protection equipment for the operation [7]. Microgrids can successfully solve problems caused by multiple DG units, making the large-scale application of DG systems possible [8]. A microgrid system can be operated in islanded mode or grid-connected mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Control for Microgrids: A Survey on Classical and Machine Learning-Based Methods

Oshnoei

Blaabjerg

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Microgrids create conditions for efficient use of integrated energy systems containing renewable energy sources. One of the major challenges in the control and operation of microgrids is managing the fluctuating renewable energy generation, as well as sudden load changes that can affect system frequency and voltage stability. To solve the above problems, hierarchical control techniques have received wide attention. At present, although some progress has been made in hierarchical control systems using classical control, machine learning-based approaches have shown promising features and performance in the control and operation management of microgrids. This paper reviews not only the application of classical control in hierarchical control systems in the last five years of references, but also the application of machine learning techniques. The survey also provides a comprehensive description of the use of different machine learning algorithms at different control levels, with a comparative analysis for their control methods, advantages and disadvantages, and implementation methods from multiple perspectives. The paper also presents the structure of primary and secondary control applications utilizing machine learning technology. In conclusion, it is highlighted that machine learning in microgrid hierarchical control can enhance control accuracy and address system optimization concerns. However, challenges, such as computational intensity, the need for stability analysis, and experimental validation, remain to be addressed.

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Model for Frequency Dynamics in an Islanded Microgrid and Primary Frequency Control Based on Disturbance Compensation

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Model-Free Predictive Control and Its Applications

Model-Free Predictive Control and Its Applications

Grid-Following Mode Operation of Small-Scale Distributed Battery Energy Storages for Fast Frequency Regulation in a Mixed-Source Microgrid

Hierarchical Control for Microgrids: A Survey on Classical and Machine Learning-Based Methods

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