Model Predictive Direct Current Control of Modular Multilevel Converters: Modeling, Analysis, and Experimental Evaluation

Riar, Baljit; Geyer, Tobias; Madawala, Udaya K.

doi:10.1109/tpel.2014.2301438

Cited by 165 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The use of a discrete-time statespace model allows MPC to predict the future behavior of the plant and to optimize its control actions accordingly [7]. The literature on MPC schemes for the MMC topology is scarce and restricted to direct MPC methods that do not use a modulator [8]- [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model predictive current control of modular multilevel converters

Darivianakis

Geyer

Merwe

2014

2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)

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This paper proposes a model predictive controller for high-power modular multilevel converter operating at low switching frequencies. The controller regulates the load currents along their reference trajectories, controls the circulating currents and controls the sum of the capacitor voltages per branch. Upper limits on the branch currents and capacitor voltages are imposed in the controller formulation. The controller manipulates the voltage references of a carrier-based pulse width modulator. A subsequent balancing controller maintains the capacitor voltages within each branch around their average voltage. Unlike hierarchical schemes based on multiple PI control loops, the proposed controller achieves not only a very good performance at steady-state operation but also very fast current responses during load transients, while maintaining the branch currents and capacitor voltages within their safe operating limits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model predictive current control of modular multilevel converters

Darivianakis

Geyer

Merwe

2014

2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)

Self Cite

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“…The voltage errors shown in Table III are the average values of (18) and (19) within the time period t 1 to t 2 .…”

Section: Power Losses Switching Frequency and Voltage Tracking Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [17] and [18], a current predictive method with a long prediction horizon is used to control the load currents within a predetermined boundary around their references while minimizing the SM capacitor voltage variations and circulating currents. Furthermore, by accounting for the number of the switching transitions in the defined cost function, the average switching frequency is minimized as well.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control of Modular Multilevel Converters

Vatani

Bahrani

Saeedifard

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

224

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“…But it is more complex because of double frequency negative sequence coordinate transformation and interphase current decoupling. Model predictive control (MPC) is used to control MMC in [6,7].However, it is necessary to predict all possible switch state combinations of the upper and lower arms for the next cycle in each control cycle to achieve multi-objective optimization control. For a 5-level MMC, the number of sub-modules per arm is 4, and the number of switch states to be considered for each control cycle is .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Model Predictive Control Strategy for Modular Multilevel Converter

Jiang

Zhang

2018

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abstract. For reducing switching frequency and decrease computation of the traditional model predictive control (MPC) for modular multilevel converter, an improved MPC strategy is proposed. The control of AC current, circulating current and capacitor voltages are realized synchronously by building multi-objective functions. Combining with capacitor voltage sorting method, MPC calculation is decreased. The switch frequency was lowered by introducing weighting factors. Capacitor voltage difference among the sub-modules is lessened through the allowable value of capacitor voltage deviation between sub-modules. The simulation results verify its correctness. IntroductionModular multilevel converter (MMC) is widely applied to high-voltage direct current, power quality control, AC drive and other high-voltage and high-power applications due to its prominent features such as modularity and cascade. But in the application of MMC, it is still urgent for MMC to solve the stability of sub-module capacitor voltages and the suppression of circulating current due to the interaction between the sub-module capacitor voltages and the circulating current. So a lot of literature has done a number of studies on it.In [1][2][3], the balance strategy of the capacitor voltages for sub-modules is proposed, but the influence of the circulating current on the capacitor voltages of sub-modules is ignored. In [4], the arm inductance is used to suppress the circulating current. The method not only increases the equipment cost of the system, but also has limited effect on the suppression of the circulating current. In order to suppress double frequency circulating current in MMC, a circulating current suppressor is proposed in [5] based on double frequency negative sequence coordinate transformation. But it is more complex because of double frequency negative sequence coordinate transformation and interphase current decoupling. Model predictive control (MPC) is used to control MMC in [6,7].However, it is necessary to predict all possible switch state combinations of the upper and lower arms for the next cycle in each control cycle to achieve multi-objective optimization control. For a 5-level MMC, the number of sub-modules per arm is 4, and the number of switch states to be considered for each control cycle is . With the increase of the number of MMC level and the number of sub-modules, the computational complexity of the switch state combinations is obviously increased, which puts forward higher requirements for the controller.For realizing AC / DC power conversion and safe and stable operation, a MPC strategy based on n+1 level MMC is proposed with the control targets of AC current, interphase circulating current and capacitor voltage of sub-modules. In this strategy, the weight accumulation factors are used to fuse the multiple control objectives and to construct the multi-objective optimization functions. The strategy can reduce the calculation of MPC by combining the capacitor voltage sorting method and lower

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Model Predictive Direct Current Control of Modular Multilevel Converters: Modeling, Analysis, and Experimental Evaluation

Cited by 165 publications

References 25 publications

Model predictive current control of modular multilevel converters

Model predictive current control of modular multilevel converters

Indirect Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control of Modular Multilevel Converters

Improved Model Predictive Control Strategy for Modular Multilevel Converter

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