Modeling and analysis of all‐optical pressure sensor using photonic crystal based micro ring resonator

Abstract

The paper illustrates a photonic crystal micro ring resonator based pressure sensor utilizing the variation of refractive index of the material and the structural deformation. FEM is employed for reformed structure analysis. Structural deformation and change in refractive index are taken as input variables in FDTD simulation and the external pressure is measured by analyzing shift in resonance wavelength. A comparative study of the rod type and the hole type photonic crystal micro ring resonator based pressure sensor is reported in this paper. Both the structures are ultra compact and can be used for compact photonic integrated circuits.dynamic range, FDTD, FEM, micro ring resonator, photonic crystal, pressure sensor | INTRODUCTIONPhotonic crystals (PhC) are artificially created periodic microstructure of two dielectric materials of different refractive indices (RI). This type of periodic arrangement creates a photonic band gap (PBG) through which electromagnetic waves of a range of particular wavelength are restricted to propagate. 1 The wide constitutional specifications range in the PhC provides the flexibility to control the properties of PhC based devices. [2][3][4][5] Thus the manipulation of the electromagnetic waves is possible in the PhC based devices by the use of different dielectric materials and by varying the geometrical parameters like the lattice distance of crystal structure and the radius of the rods of the PhCs. This unique property of the PhCs has opened up a new window in the area of photonic sensors. PhC based structures have numerous applications in the designing of logic and arithmetic operations. Recently M. Mohammadi et al. published an article on the design and simulation of a half adder based on grapheme ring resonators. The output spectrum of the model was analyzed using Finite-difference-timedomain (FDTD) and coupled-mode theory (CMT) method. 6 PhC based cascaded ring resonator structures are also used by different researchers to design different multiplexer and demultiplexer circuits. [7][8][9] Among the two approaches, used for the sensing purposes based on PhC namely the intensity variation and the spectrum analysis, the later one is usually preferred because of its higher sensitivity. 10 Recently, new fields of research Uttara Biswas, Bhuvneshwer Suthar, Deepak Kumar, and Chittaranjan Nayak contributed equally to this work.

Detection of viral and bacterial diseases using 2D photonic crystal-based elliptical ring resonator sensor

“…6,7 In the previous literature, the same advantages of silicon photonics have been considered in designing and modeling different sensors/ biosensors based on the variation of RI. [10][11][12][13][14][15] From the previous literature, the change in water concentration changes the RI of plasma, and the change in the RI of plasma changes the RI of blood. When the ribonucleic acid particles are increased in the infected cells compared with uninfected cells; this leads to the change in the RI in the nucleus and can be used as an indicator for detection.…”

“…The lattice constant is defined as the distance between the two rods (a). [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The silicon rods are placed in the X and Y directions in the air background on a silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) slab. Figure 1 shows the top XY view of the proposed sensor.…”

“…6 The proposed model is compact and compatible for both silicon-on-insulator (SOI) as well as complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. [7][8][9][10] PhCs are usually available in 1D, 2D, and 3D designs. 2D PhCs show noticeable results as they have two directional degrees of freedom for dielectric constant, so they are widely used for sensing applications.…”

“…6,7 It is most widely used for the sensing of different physical parameters using PhCs. [8][9][10] The proposed work is based on the spectrum analysis, which considers the variation of resonance wavelength. [11][12][13][14][15] In this paper, detection of the bacterial cells is performed using the well-established concept of RI change.…”

Design, experimental demonstration and modeling fiber ring resonator device with fiber cantilever-deflection probe for sensing surrounding electric field

“…In addition, the single-mode allfiber ring resonators are used in making passive fiber gyroscopes [3,4], frequency-selective devices [5], an all-fiber resonator interferometer [6,7], lasers [8][9][10], optical filtering [11,12], optical time delay [13]. These loop resonators are demonstrated for the measurement of internal stress, pressure [14,15], temperature [16,17], humidity [18] and other associated parameters. Notably, these fiber resonators proved excellence in biochemical and medical sensing [19][20][21][22].…”