Modeling and Control in Air-conditioning Systems

Yao, Ye; Yu, Yuebin

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-53313-0

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…For the purpose of deriving the estimator, we consider Wiener-Hammerstein (W-H) models, that describe dynamic systems using static nonlinear blocks in series with linear blocks and have applications in many engineering applications such as HVAC systems. 40 In particular, the following class of W-H models (see Figure 3):…”

Section: Phasor-based Derivative Estimatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the purpose of deriving the estimator, we consider Wiener–Hammerstein (W‐H) models, that describe dynamic systems using static nonlinear blocks in series with linear blocks and have applications in many engineering applications such as HVAC systems 40 . In particular, the following class of W‐H models (see Figure 3):

\sum_{wh} \dot{=} false(F^{i}, Q, F^{o} false),

where F i is an m × m input transfer function,

Q : ℝ^{m} \to ℝ

is a sufficiently smooth nonlinearity, and F o is a scalar output transfer function.…”

Section: Newton‐like Phasor‐based Escmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy‐efficient operation of indirect adiabatic data center cooling systems via Newton‐like phasor extremum seeking control

Lionello

Lucchese

Rampazzo

et al. 2021

Adaptive Control & Signal

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Summary This paper considers the problem of optimizing the operation of Indirect Adiabatic Cooling (IAC) systems with application to data centers. Optimal operation is achieved when the required cooling demand is satisfied at the minimum energy cost. For this purpose, we design a supervisory control system, where the higher layer determines the optimal set‐points for the local controllers by employing an Extremum Seeking Control (ESC) scheme. In particular, we consider a Newton‐like phasor ESC, which augments the derivative estimator underlying the phasor approach to capture also the Hessian of the plant index and then it uses these estimates to steer the system along a Newton‐like direction. The effectiveness of the considered approach is tested in simulation by exploiting a Matlab‐based simulation environment including an IAC system and a computer room.

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Section: Phasor-based Derivative Estimatormentioning

confidence: 99%

\sum_{wh} \dot{=} false(F^{i}, Q, F^{o} false),

where F i is an m × m input transfer function,

Q : ℝ^{m} \to ℝ

is a sufficiently smooth nonlinearity, and F o is a scalar output transfer function.…”

Section: Newton‐like Phasor‐based Escmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy‐efficient operation of indirect adiabatic data center cooling systems via Newton‐like phasor extremum seeking control

Lionello

Lucchese

Rampazzo

et al. 2021

Adaptive Control & Signal

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“…The performance efficiency of MPC applied for HVAC mainly depends on accuracy and computational efficiency of the building model [14][15][16]. The building model (zone model) should replicate dynamics of the heat transfer in building, able to predict zone heat loads/air temperatures as a function of controllable (HVAC systems) and uncontrollable measurable inputs (weather, internal heat gains, solar gains, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three fundamental solutions to develop simplified models are data-driven method, software-based model and resistor-capacitor (RC) thermal networks. MPC developed based on thermal RC network models have been successful in controlling the HVAC systems in building [16]. This study focuses on development of building model using thermal RC networks and its parameters identification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified Building Thermal Model Development and Parameters Evaluation Using a Stochastic Approach

Boodi

Beddiar²,

Amirat

et al. 2020

Energies

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This paper proposes an approach to develop building dynamic thermal models that are of paramount importance for controller application. In this context, controller requires a low-order, computationally efficient, and accurate models to achieve higher performance. An efficient building model is developed by having proper structural knowledge of low-order model and identifying its parameter values. Simplified low-order systems can be developed using thermal network models using thermal resistances and capacitances. In order to determine the low-order model parameter values, a specific approach is proposed using a stochastic particle swarm optimization. This method provides a significant approximation of the parameters when compared to the reference model whilst allowing low-order model to achieve 40% to 50% computational efficiency than the reference one. Additionally, extensive simulations are carried to evaluate the proposed simplified model with solar radiation and identified model parameters. The developed simplified model is afterward validated with real data from a case study building where the achieved results clearly show a high degree of accuracy compared to the actual data.

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“…For instance, a study conducted by the Ghana Environmental Protection Agency has shown that there is an estimated 10.5% annual increment in the use of ACs in the country up to the year 2030 (Ghana EPA, 2017). However, in many jurisdictions, including Sub-Saharan Africa, research on energy conservation in the use of ACs has tended to focus on thermal and adaptive comfort of occupants involving simulations and temperature manipulations (Masoso and Grobler, 2010; Hong et al , 2015; Jang and Kang, 2016; Yao, 2018; Zaki, 2018). Human behaviour and occupants' preferences are as equally important contributors to the building energy performance in general and AC energy consumption and associated emissions in particular.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of occupant behaviour in the use of air-conditioners in public buildings in developing countries: evidence from Ghana

Ahadzie

Opoku

Ware

et al. 2020

IJBPA

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PurposeThe use of air-conditioners (ACs) is on the increase in the developing world, with exacerbating compounding effect on carbon footprints. With this development, there is the expectation that developing countries would begin to appreciate and understand occupant behaviours in the use of ACs towards combating climate change, especially as building energy consumption is heavily influenced by the behaviour of its occupants. This study aims to identify occupant behaviours that leads to efficient use of ACs in public buildings so that these can be factored into developing guidelines for improving energy efficiency in buildings.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), survey questionnaire was used to collect data in office buildings in Kumasi, Ghana. Partial least squares–structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) analysis was employed for the analysis.FindingsSwitching on fan(s) as alternative to ACs has a path coefficient of 0.527, suggesting that it will have the most positive impact on energy consumption as far as AC use is concerned. The second occupant behaviour with a positive impact on energy consumption for AC use is opening windows for natural ventilation accounting for 0.351 significant path coefficient. Wearing of light or heavy clothing as a means of conserving energy achieved 0.174 impact coefficient while occupant behaviour of switching off ACs when leaving the room came last in the ranking, with an impact coefficient of 0.146. TBP is validated in this model, given that all the four occupant behaviours had their perceived behavioural control (PBC) having less impact on the behaviour compared to the behavioural attitude (BA) and the subjective norm (SN).Research limitations/implicationsThis research focused on public buildings used as offices, and the findings may not be applicable to private company buildings and also residential properties. Given that Ghana and, for that matter, many developing countries rely heavily on thermal plant for electricity generation, the climate change implications of the findings are discussed.Practical implicationsIt is recommended that behaviours of occupants should be considered and factored in building energy predictions to bridge the energy performance gap. Subsequently, project managers, designers and energy consultants are encouraged to provide fans and openable windows in offices, even if there is going to be an air-conditioning provisions.Originality/valueOriginality emanates from the paper being at the forefront of helping to understand occupants' behaviour in the use ACs and associated climate change implications in a developing country context. One of the new variables introduced, switching on fans as an alternative to ACs, achieved the highest path coefficient and has important implication for occupant behaviour in the use of ACs in the literature.

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Modeling and Control in Air-conditioning Systems

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Energy‐efficient operation of indirect adiabatic data center cooling systems via Newton‐like phasor extremum seeking control

Energy‐efficient operation of indirect adiabatic data center cooling systems via Newton‐like phasor extremum seeking control

Simplified Building Thermal Model Development and Parameters Evaluation Using a Stochastic Approach

Analysis of occupant behaviour in the use of air-conditioners in public buildings in developing countries: evidence from Ghana

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