Modeling and Dynamic Characteristic Simulation of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Dynamic modeling of modular fuel cell for maximum power point tracking and torque ripple reduction in direct torque control of induction motor

“…In some papers, such as [19,20], hydrogen pressure, P H2 , and oxygen pressure, P O2 , were supposed constant values, but these pressures are variable under different conditions. Choosing a constant value for these pressures can reduce the model's accuracy.…”

“…The Nernst voltage, oxygen concentration, activation over potential, water concentration, and resistance of the cell membrane depend on the temperature. The FC temperature was assumed to be constant in some previous works [19,23,26]. However, the FC temperature is an important effector parameter on its output dynamic behavior.…”

“…c) The FC current is a dependent variable that depends on the voltage and load of the FC, but in [19], the FC current was considered as an independent variable.…”

“…d) The presented model in [19] was an open-loop model, but this paper presents a closed-loop model that uses the output current of the FC for calculation of the parameters of voltage drop.…”

Dynamic characteristics of an automotive fuel cell system for transitory load changes

“…Hu et al [6] represented a threedimensional computational PEM fuel cell model with comparison of different flow fields. In recent years, several improved models were published by Park and Choe [7] and Jia et al [8] to investigate fuel cell transient electrical responses under various operating conditions.…”