Modeling and dynamic characteristic simulation of air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack for unmanned aerial vehicle

Gong, Chengyuan; Xing, Lu; Liang, Cong; Tu, Zhengkai

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2022.02.104

Cited by 62 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It can approximate electrical characteristics such as internal resistance voltage drops, capacity and output voltage. Therefore, the accurate acquisition of some modeling parameters needs to be based on experiments [30]. Overall, these models can simulate electrical characteristics in various ways, but they also depend on actual operating conditions.…”

Section: Hybrid Energy Storage System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minimum hydrogen consumption‐based energy management strategy for hybrid fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicles using direction prediction optimal foraging algorithm

Quan

et al. 2023

Fuel Cells

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In hybrid energy storage systems of fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), achieving energy management while minimizing hydrogen consumption is the main goal for economic aspects and endurance enhancement. The external energy maximization strategy (EEMS) and the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) are commonly used energy management strategies. However, they use a gradient descent approach, which converges slowly and does not guarantee the optimal solution. Thus, this paper proposes an optimization method based on a direction prediction optimal foraging algorithm (OFA/DP), which has the advantages of high optimization capability and simple parameter definition. In this study, the hybrid energy storage system comprises fuel cells and lithium‐ion batteries for powering UAVs. To verify the validity of the proposed strategy, it is compared with rule‐based and optimized methods of state machine control, fuzzy logic control based on frequency separation, ECMS, EEMS, and genetic algorithm. The obtained results confirm the superiority of the proposed OFA/DP‐based EEMS method with an efficiency of 88.65% and a minimum hydrogen consumption of 19.06 g. Furthermore, it achieves optimal power distribution and leads to 38.62% minimization in hydrogen consumption.

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Section: Hybrid Energy Storage System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) equivalent electric circuit model adopted in this paper is developed in[30]. A FC contains an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte[31].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimum hydrogen consumption‐based energy management strategy for hybrid fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicles using direction prediction optimal foraging algorithm

Quan

et al. 2023

Fuel Cells

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“…A coupled electrochemical thermal model for simulating the dynamic characteristic of air-cooled low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with metallic bipolar plate was presented, and the impact of the applied metallic bipolar plate on the stack thermal balance was considered. The theoretical analysis showed that with altitude increased from 0 to 4000 m, the output electric power declined rate was 4.7-6.5% at the current density of 400-800 mA cm −2 , and the minimum required air stoichiometric ratio decreased from 110 to 22 at the current density of 800 mA cm −2 [13,14]. The acid degradation and physical properties of silicone rubber gaskets of PEMFC were studied by finite element simulation and experiment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical aging of sealing gasket of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Wei

Zhang

2023

Fuel Cells

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As the key sealing part of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the gasket is easily damaged in acidic solution and wet air for a long time in PEMFC, resulting in unsafe and unstable operation of PEMFC. In this paper, the regular solution (RS) and accelerated durability test (ADT) solution in PEMFC were prepared to study the aging damage process of silicone rubber gasket, and the attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (ATR‐FTIR) was used to analyze the surface changes of gaskets soaked in solutions. The results showed that the weight loss of samples increased with the soaking time in both ADT solution and RS solution, and the damage of samples in ADT solution was faster and more serious than that in RS solution. Meanwhile, the microstructure diagram also indicated that the damage of the samples in ADT solution was more serious than that in the RS solution. The ATR‐FTIR analysis results showed that the intensity of characteristic wave peaks of samples at 706, 787, 867, 1006, 1071, 1260, and 2961cm−1 in ADT solution decreased faster than that in RS solution, which was consistent with the results of weight analysis and microstructure analysis.

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“…Gong et al 35 provided a coupled electrochemical thermal model for simulating the dynamic characteristic of a proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell stack applied with metallic bipolar plate for an UAV. They reported that with raising the altitude by 4 km, the electricity drop by 4.7% to 6.5%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and conceptual design of a SOFC / TIG / TEG ‐based hybrid propulsion system for a small UAV

Ren

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Improving the electricity output of a propulsion configuration of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can be effective in achieving the targets of controlling fuel consumption and high flight endurance. Recently, fuel cell‐powered UAVs have been developed to achieve these goals. In addition, the use of an integrated fuel cell‐based electric propulsion system can further improve power generation rate. On the other hand, due to the limited reports on fuel cell‐powered UAVs (especially solid oxide fuel cell [SOFC]), it is necessary to conduct more and detailed studies. In this regard, the present article provides a conceptual analysis of a SOFC/thermionic generator (TIG)/thermoelectric generator (TEG) integrated propulsion configuration to produce electric energy of a small UAV. SOFC stack converts chemical energy into electric current and thermal energy. The thermal energy of the stack's exhaust is converted into electric power under two processes in downstream generators. The objective of this work is to calculate the needful power of an UAV at desired mission requirements. The present study presents a new propulsion configuration. In addition, the proposed system's design and modeling as well as provided results are in such a way that the propulsion system can be generalized for any desired size of UAV. The finding revealed that the introduced propulsion configuration could produce nearly 553.7 W of electricity. Moreover, the efficiency of electricity production was close to 49.3%. It was also found that the drone requires nearly 1.3 kW of electric power to perform the intended mission. According to the conceptual evaluation of the proposed propulsion configuration, five scenarios are also suggested to provide the necessary power to the UAV.

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Modeling and dynamic characteristic simulation of air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack for unmanned aerial vehicle

Cited by 62 publications

References 41 publications

Minimum hydrogen consumption‐based energy management strategy for hybrid fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicles using direction prediction optimal foraging algorithm

Minimum hydrogen consumption‐based energy management strategy for hybrid fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicles using direction prediction optimal foraging algorithm

Chemical aging of sealing gasket of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Assessment and conceptual design of a SOFC / TIG / TEG ‐based hybrid propulsion system for a small UAV

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