Modeling and Enhanced Control of Hybrid Full Bridge–Half Bridge MMCs for HVDC Grid Studies

Vidal-Albalate, Ricardo; Forner, Jaume

doi:10.3390/en13010180

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…AVM offers almost identical results in all scenarios with a reduced computational burden, but it is infeasible for converter start-up studies. In [111], simplified arm evenin equivalent model for hybrid MMCs has been proposed and validated against DM for steady-state and transient conditions (AC and DC faults). It has been observed that the simplified model of hybrid HBMMC and FBMMC offers accurate and 50 times faster simulation time.…”

Section: Modelling Issues and Challenges Of MMC For Mtdc Gridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Detailed Review of MMC Circuit Topologies and Modelling Issues

Soomro

Akhtar

Hussain

et al. 2022

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

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MMC is a promising technology for MTDC systems and would transform into the concept of Supergrids in the near future. The salient features of MMC are modularity, reduced dv/dt and di/dt stress on switches, voltage and power scalability, inherent fault blocking capacity, transformerless operation, and improved power quality. However, there are some technical issues and challenges to be critically analysed and addressed. There is room for development of novel and enhanced MMC based on SM configurations to enable higher efficiency, improved power quality, compactness, and DC fault blocking capacity. Moreover, development of efficient and accurate models is required for the studies of MTDC grids during steady-state and transient conditions. Literature review suggests a need for studying and comparing different MMC modelling approaches because no modelling technique can be best suited for all applications. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of recent developments in MMC in terms of SM configurations. This paper also presents an in-depth review of systematic comparison of different models of MMC, which can enable appropriate selection of model based on target studies and desired accuracy and efficiency. Finally, the associated research challenges and future trends are presented.

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Section: Modelling Issues and Challenges Of MMC For Mtdc Gridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Detailed Review of MMC Circuit Topologies and Modelling Issues

Soomro

Akhtar

Hussain

et al. 2022

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

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“…The HB-SM is the most widely applied topologies of MMC for DC power girds due to the simple structure and low cost. However, MMC rhat is based on HB-SM cannot block the fault currents fed from the AC grid [44], as shown in Figure 10a. Without DC CBs, it can only clear DC fault line by tripping the AC circuit breakers [45].…”

Section: Topologies With DC Fault Ride Through Capabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Short-circuit Current Analysis and Suppression Techniques for MMC-HVDC Transmission Systems

et al. 2020

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The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has been widely adopted in high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems due to its significant advantages. MMC-HVDC is developing towards multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) power grid for reliability enhancement. However, there exist a huge amplitude and a steep rise in fault current due to the low impedances of DC lines and MMCs, which threaten the security and reliability of the DC power grids. It is necessary to restrain the DC short circuit current in order to ensure the safe and stable operation of DC power grids. This paper gives a comprehensive review and evaluation of the proposed DC short-circuit current analysis and suppression techniques used in MMC-based MTDC power girds, in terms of MMC modeling, short circuit calculation, and suppression method. In addition, future trends of countermeasures to short circuit current in MMC-based MTDC power grids are also discussed.

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“…Modular multi-level converter (MMC) has emerged as the preferred choice for voltage source converter (VSC)-based HVDC systems mainly due to low losses, low harmonic distortion, scalability, and redundancy [1,2]. However, the control design for an MMC is more challenging as compared to a conventional two-level VSC, which is due to the extra control actions required for the regulation of the internal energy balances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the two linear models are derived, the system stability is studied and the critical modes are identified through The average-value model of the MMC structure connected to an AC network is presented in Figure 2. Compared to the detailed model, the IGBTs of submodules are not explicitly modeled and the MMC dynamics are represented by controlled voltage and current sources [2,28,29]. In [30], it has been shown that the average-value model accurately replicates the dynamic performance of the detailed model, and it is significantly more efficient for simulation time steps.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction Assessment and Stability Analysis of the MMC-Based VSC-HVDC Link

et al. 2020

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This paper investigates the dynamic behavior of a modular multi-level converter (MMC)-based HVDC link. An overall state-space model is developed to identify the system critical modes, considering the dynamics of the master MMC and slave MMC, their control systems, and the HVDC cable. Complementary to the state-space model, an impedance-based model is also derived to obtain the minimum phase margin (PM) of the system. In addition, a relative gain array (RGA) analysis is conducted to quantify the level of interactions among the control systems of master and slave MMCs and their impacts on stability. Finally, with the help of the results obtained from the system analysis (eigenvalue, phase margin, sensitivity, and RGA), the system dynamic performance is improved.3 of 19 an eigenvalue and participation factors analysis in Section 6. Moreover, the system minimum PM is calculated through an impedance-based analysis using the Nyquist plot, and the level of interactions among control loops is studied using a frequency-dependent relative gain array (RGA) analysis. Finally, in Section 7, based on the results achieved from the system analyses, the stability of the system is improved by tuning the DC voltage control loop. System DescriptionA typical HVDC link between two AC networks is shown in Figure 1. In such configuration, the master MMC regulates DC voltage while the slave MMC controls active power exchange [27]. Either AC voltage or reactive power can be regulated at both ends. AC network 1 HVDC cable AC network 2 Master Slave V dc control P control

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Modeling and Enhanced Control of Hybrid Full Bridge–Half Bridge MMCs for HVDC Grid Studies

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

A Detailed Review of MMC Circuit Topologies and Modelling Issues

A Detailed Review of MMC Circuit Topologies and Modelling Issues

Review on Short-circuit Current Analysis and Suppression Techniques for MMC-HVDC Transmission Systems

Interaction Assessment and Stability Analysis of the MMC-Based VSC-HVDC Link

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