Modeling and Sizing of a Fuel Cell—Lithium-Ion Battery Direct Hybridization System for Aeronautical Application

Abstract

Nowadays, many aircraft manufacturers are working on new airplanes to reduce the environmental footprint and therefore meet greenhouse gas reduction targets. The concept of more electric aircraft is one of the solutions to achieve this goal. For this aircraft architecture, several electrical devices are used in order to supply propulsive and non-propulsive functions. This paper focuses on the sizing of a direct hybridization system to supply a non-propulsive function in an aircraft. It is composed of a High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (HT-PEMFC) and a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery. This sizing is based on a static model of each storage device. The accuracy of these models is compared with dynamic models during a simulation for an aeronautical mission. Static models are implemented in a genetic algorithm to achieve two goals: on the one hand, satisfy the mission profile, and on the other hand, minimize the mass of the system. Other criteria, such as battery and fuel cell aging estimation, are considered. The obtained results show that the direct hybridization system allows protecting the fuel cell against an accelerated aging.

Management of a hybrid renewable energy storage system

“…Moreover, given the intermittent nature of renewable energy resources and the multifaceted objectives they entail (Jarry et al, 2021) this paper introduces an algorithm-based energy management approach. This approach is designed to optimize the control of energy storage and production within the system while continuously monitoring the load.…”

Design of an Integrated, Six-Phase, Interleaved, Synchronous DC/DC Boost Converter on a Fuel-Cell-Powered Sport Catamaran

“…The most critical issue owing to PEMFC is that its efficiency is greatly influenced by its operating point. For this reason, its output current must be accurately regulated by means of a dedicated power converter [26]. The regulation provided by the DC-DC converter is fundamental also because the PEMFCs' output voltage varies based on the condition of its stack's temperature and hydrogen pressure [27].…”

From a Battery-Based to a PEM Fuel Cell-Based Propulsion Architecture on a Lightweight Full Electric Aircraft: A Comparative Numerical Study

“…The lumped parameter approach has been successfully used for the analysis of hybrid-electric propulsive architectures [13][14][15]. Other studies have dealt with the same approach to preliminarily design various components of all-electric propulsion systems which were separately sized with simplified models [16,17]. In [18] a propulsive architecture similar to that proposed in this study is analyzed focusing on the energy conversion and the control system: the types of DC/DC and DC/AC converters, including the technologies on which they are based, are evaluated to find the optimal solution for coupling the electric sources and the motor.…”