Modeling City-Canyon Pedestrian Radio Channels Based on Passive Sounding in In-Service Networks

Multipath Parameter Extraction in 5G-NR Multi-cell Network Using Interference Cancellation Method

“…Passive channel sounding is attractive, since it measures directly the radio channels between the BSs and UEs in real-world deployment scenario, which is essential to achieve digital twin of the electromagnetic environment and virtual drive testing concept [6]. Passive sounding has been adopted in the early universal mobile terrestrial system (UMTS) network [7] for measuring channel parameters including delay, Doppler frequency and path loss (PL). In [8], [9], the passive sounding campaigns are conducted under the long term evolution (LTE) network to measure channel parameters, e.g.…”

Digital Twins of Electromagnetic Propagation Environments for Live 5G networks-Part I: Channel Acquisition, EM Simulation and Verification

“…Passive sounding, initially introduced for analyzing propagation characteristics in public in-service wireless communication systems such as universal mobile terrestrial system (UMTS) [19] and long-term evolution (LTE) [20], has been extended to 5G cellular networks [21] recently. This method provides an accurate representation of the electromagnetic environment encountered by wireless devices, facilitating the direct application of derived channel models for product performance evaluation and optimization [23].…”

PCA-based Channel Estimation for MIMO Communications

“…Under channel linearity and time-invariance constraints, the conventional minimum mean squared error (MMSE) is the optimal linear operator for channel estimation under jointly Gaussian distributed random variables [4]. However, these constraints are unrealistic since even pedestrian channels are dynamic [5], and nonlinearities are common in power amplifiers [6]- [9]. In addition, as the MMSE channel estimation relies on covariance matrix inversions, the computational complexity is extremely expensive [10].…”