Modeling fire-induced smoke spread and carbon monoxide transportation in a long channel: Fire Dynamics Simulator comparisons with measured data

Hu, L. H.; Fong, Nai Kong; Yang, Lizhong; Chow, Wan Ki; Li, Y. Z.; Huo, R.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.08.075

Cited by 163 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Mesh size is a fundamental factor in numerical simulations of physical phe- shown to yield good agreement with experiments for cell sizes of 8-15 cm, although the resolution must be considerably higher for a good agreement close to the burning region [23,24].…”

Section: Mesh Sizementioning

confidence: 97%

Using Computational Fluid Dynamics in the forensic analysis of a prison fire

Jahn¹,

Gonzalez²,

Rivera³

et al. 2015

Forensic Science International

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Section: Mesh Sizementioning

confidence: 97%

Using Computational Fluid Dynamics in the forensic analysis of a prison fire

Jahn¹,

Gonzalez²,

Rivera³

et al. 2015

Forensic Science International

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“…This CFD software is a fire simulation package where turbulence, combustion, thermal radiation, pyrolysis and water spray can be modeled. During the development process in the past decade, this package has been validated extensively [14,15] and is widely used in fire engineering community for tunnel studies [1][2][3]7].…”

Section: Cfd Modeling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A modified critical velocity for road tunnel fire smoke management with dedicated smoke extraction configuration

Liu

Cassady

2014

Case Studies in Fire Safety

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a b s t r a c tLife safety is one of the objectives of fire engineering design for road tunnels. Fire engineering design requires maintaining a tenable condition for a period of time to allow occupants to evacuate to safety. This will be achieved by controlling the smoke under credible design fire scenarios in a tunnel. The critical location in a tunnel fire emergency condition is the tunnel region upstream of the fire, where occupants are most likely to reside as traffic jam can usually be created by the fire incident. Tenability for the downstream region of fire is not the main focus of this research because vehicles can generally drive out of the tunnel at a higher speed than that of the smoke flow, and local damper smoke extraction can help keep a tenable condition in the downstream region beyond the local fire zone, in case there is a congestion in the downstream region of the fire.To maintain a tenable condition in the upstream tunnel region from the fire incident, the required minimum longitudinal flow velocity to prevent smoke backlayering can be calculated based on NFPA 502 recommendations. This critical velocity takes no credit of the smoke extraction or active overhead fixed fire suppression effects.Smoke extraction with a dedicated smoke duct along the entire length of the tunnel is gaining popularity because of its efficiency and robustness in providing a tenable environment in the tunnel with unknown upstream and downstream traffic conditions. In this paper, a modified critical velocity to control smoke back-layering while smoke extraction and fire suppression systems are operating has been analyzed. This modified critical velocity is approximately 20% lower than the critical velocity that is recommended in NFPA 502. This allows significant savings on ventilation capacity for road tunnels which have a local smoke exhaust capability using a dedicated smoke duct.It is concluded that the smoke extraction performance is similar whether using ceiling dampers or vertical wall-mounted dampers for smoke capture to maintain tunnel tenability. However, tunnel gradients play a major role on the modified critical velocity for a nominated design fire and the required smoke extraction rate.

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“…In terms of validation work using FDS, Hu et al performed a series of validation experiments for an 88 m long channel [12]. Several parameters were measured and compared including smoke flow distribution, smoke temperature and carbon monoxide concentration.…”

Section: Validation Of Fdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ventilation System on Smoke and Fire Spread in a Public Transport Interchange

et al. 2008

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In this report, a large eddy simulation (LES) model is used to investigate the conventional types of ventilation system design in the context of a public transport interchange. Various airflow patterns based on two of the most popular ventilation designs (mixing and displacement) are simulated to determine their effect on the fire. The simulation program chosen is the fire dynamics simulator (FDS) published by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). It is found that increased airflow causes the fire temperature to increase by as much as 500 K. Extraction of smoke mixture by fans (exhaust only system) significantly decreases the spread of smoke and fire. Ventilation inlets located at the ground level help to increase the smoke and fire intensity in the occupied zone. Displacement ventilation increases fire intensity and current.

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Modeling fire-induced smoke spread and carbon monoxide transportation in a long channel: Fire Dynamics Simulator comparisons with measured data

Cited by 163 publications

References 8 publications

Using Computational Fluid Dynamics in the forensic analysis of a prison fire

Using Computational Fluid Dynamics in the forensic analysis of a prison fire

A modified critical velocity for road tunnel fire smoke management with dedicated smoke extraction configuration

Effect of Ventilation System on Smoke and Fire Spread in a Public Transport Interchange

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