Modeling for fairness: A Rawlsian approach

Diekmann, Stephan; Zwart, SD Sjoerd

doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2013.11.001

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Due to the open source and flexible nature of "building" a SWAT model, there is a clear opportunity to explore modeling using the concept of overlapping consensus (Diekmann and Zwart, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lane (2014) goes on to point out that while these acts of falsification are intended to improve science by generating further inquiry, such public displays of falsification may also bring into question the authority of science or even the legitimacy of scientists as the holders of knowledge. Diekmann and Zwart (2014) suggest that modeling in the sciences is best served by adopting the Philosopher John Rawls' concept of modeling by overlapping consensus whereby models are developed by a broad range of stakeholders, which may include experts as well as non-experts. Examples of this type of approach are illustrated by Lane et al (2011) andMaynard (2015).…”

Section: Multidisciplinary Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through such mechanisms, a more holistic picture begins to emerge regarding not only the issue but approaches to addressing it as well. Diekmann and Zwart (2014) also bring in an example of how scientists will use the concept of optimization modeling as a way to circumvent criticisms that they are pursuing value-laden solutions. Optimizing trade-offs, however, involves optimizing toward some set of values and norms based on some authority with no assurance that it is capturing the most relevant social values and norms.…”

Section: Multidisciplinary Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A socio-hydrological approach for incorporating gender into biophysical models and implications for water resources research

Baker

Cullen²,

Debevec

et al. 2015

Applied Geography

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a b s t r a c tMen and women interact with water resources and landscapes in different ways, and there are frequent criticisms that little research is undertaken across disciplines to address this issue. Biophysical scientists in particular struggle with how to integrate "gendered" water uses into models that are necessarily based on prevailing laws and equations that describe the movement of water through the hydrological cycle, independent of social constructs. We explore the challenges faced in developing interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research approaches and then present a simple yet innovative socio-hydrological approach using participatory three-dimensional maps. As a case study, we describe undertaking this process in Ethiopia where two three-dimensional maps (men's and women's) were separately generated to represent the same 20 km 2 landscape. Mapping results indicated important distinctions in how men and women view landscapes with regard to the number and types of ecosystem services identified. For example, only women identified holy water sites along streams, while men identified twice as many sacred trees on the landscape. There was a clear focus and detailed knowledge about soils among participants in both groups. Maps developed as part of this exercise were successfully used as the principal land use input for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and results indicate that this is a valid strategy that enhances scientific knowledge and understanding of overall landscapes and ultimately adds value to research for development questions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multidisciplinary Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multidisciplinary Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A socio-hydrological approach for incorporating gender into biophysical models and implications for water resources research

Baker

Cullen²,

Debevec

et al. 2015

Applied Geography

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“…Values can range, though, from well-articulated normative commitments to dispositional states 104 that are unacknowledged by individuals (Diekmann and Zwart, 2014). For example, values 105 related to CRM strategies for New Orleans have been shown to range from "basic needs and 106 survival" to "sense of place" to "stakeholder engagement" (Bessette et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introduction 31mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding scientists’ computational modeling decisions about climate risk management strategies using values-informed mental models

Mayer

Loa

Cwik

et al. 2017

Global Environmental Change

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3When developing computational models to analyze the tradeoffs between climate risk 4 management strategies (i.e., mitigation, adaptation, or geoengineering), scientists make explicit 5 and implicit decisions that are influenced by their beliefs, values and preferences. Model 6 descriptions typically include only the explicit decisions and are silent on value judgments that 7 may explain these decisions. Eliciting scientists" mental models, a systematic approach to 8 determining how they think about climate risk management, can help to gain a clearer 9 understanding of their modeling decisions. In order to identify and represent the role of values, 10 beliefs and preferences on decisions, we used an augmented mental models research approach, 11 namely values-informed mental models (ViMM). We conducted and qualitatively analyzed 12 interviews with eleven climate risk management scientists. Our results suggest that these 13 scientists use a similar decision framework to each other to think about modeling climate risk 14 management tradeoffs, including eight specific decisions ranging from defining the model 15 objectives to evaluating the model"s results. The influence of values on these decisions varied 16 between our scientists and between the specific decisions. For instance, scientists invoked ethical 17 values (e.g., concerns about human welfare) when defining objectives, but epistemic values (e.g., 18 concerns about model consistency) were more influential when evaluating model results. ViMM 19 can (i) enable insights that can inform the design of new computational models and (ii) make 20 value judgments explicit and more inclusive of relevant values. This transparency can help 21 model users to better discern the relevance of model results to their own decision framing and 22 concerns. 23 24 Keywords 25

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Climate Change Through the Lens of Feminist Philosophy

Tuana

2015

Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science

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Modeling for fairness: A Rawlsian approach

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

A socio-hydrological approach for incorporating gender into biophysical models and implications for water resources research

A socio-hydrological approach for incorporating gender into biophysical models and implications for water resources research

Understanding scientists’ computational modeling decisions about climate risk management strategies using values-informed mental models

Climate Change Through the Lens of Feminist Philosophy

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