Modeling framework of voltage-source converters based on equivalence with synchronous generator

Tan, Shulong; Geng, Hua; Yang, Geng; Wang, Huai; Blaabjerg, Frede

doi:10.1007/s40565-018-0433-1

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…10(b). It is interesting to notice that the form is similar to the Phillips-Heffron model of SGs [28]. This similarity again illustrates the roles of the proportional regulator and the integral regulator, i.e., to regulate the frequency deviation (i.e., enhance the damping effect) and to regulate the PLL angle deviation.…”

Section: Transient Stability Enhancement Methodssupporting

confidence: 54%

Transient Stability Analysis and Enhancement of Renewable Energy Conversion System During LVRT

Geng

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy

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126

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Grid-connected renewable energy conversion systems (RECSs) are usually required by grid codes to possess the low voltage ride through (LVRT) and reactive power support capabilities so as to cope with grid voltage sags. During LVRT, RECS's terminal voltage becomes sensitive and changeable with its output current, which brings a great challenge for the RECS to resynchronize with the grid by means of phase-locked loops (PLLs). This paper indicates that loss of synchronism (LOS) of PLLs is responsible for the transient instability of grid-connected RECSs during LVRT, and the LOS is essentially due to the transient interaction between the PLL and the weak terminal voltage. For achieving a quantitative analysis, an equivalent swing equation model is developed to describe the transient interaction. Based on the model, the transient instability mechanism of RECSs during LVRT is clarified. Furthermore, a transient stability enhancement method is proposed to avoid the possibility of transient instability. Simulations performed on the New England 39-bus test system verify the effectiveness of the method.  Index Terms-Renewable energy conversion system, grid faults, low voltage ride through, transient stability, power converter.

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Section: Transient Stability Enhancement Methodssupporting

confidence: 54%

Transient Stability Analysis and Enhancement of Renewable Energy Conversion System During LVRT

Geng

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy

Self Cite

126

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“…In reference [34], the Virtual Synchronous Machines (VSMs) concept is proposed in the context of the smart grid environment for providing inertia and damping behavior together with cascaded voltage and current controllers. Detailed reviews on the several models of VSMs appear in references [35][36][37]. In reference [35], several converter topologies, e.g., Virtual Synchronous control (VSYNC) topology, ISE Lab's topology, Institute of Electrical Power Engineering (IEPE) topology, Kawasaki Heavy Industries (KHI) topology, etc., are reviewed.…”

Section: Inertial Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Ancillary Services Market Design in Distribution Networks: Review and Identification of Barriers

Oureilidis

Malamaki

Gallos³

et al. 2020

Energies

113

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The high proliferation of converter-dominated Distributed Renewable Energy Sources (DRESs) at the distribution grid level has gradually replaced the conventional synchronous generators (SGs) of the transmission system, resulting in emerging stability and security challenges. The inherent characteristics of the SGs are currently used for providing ancillary services (ASs), following the instructions of the Transmission System Operator, while the DRESs are obliged to offer specific system support functions, without being remunerated for these functions, but only for the energy they inject. This changing environment has prompted the integration of energy storage systems as a solution for transfusing new characteristics and elaborating their business in the electricity markets, while the smart grid infrastructure and the upcoming microgrid architectures contribute to the transformation of the distribution grid. This review investigates the existing ASs in transmission system with the respective markets (emphasizing the DRESs’ participation in these markets) and proposes new ASs at distribution grid level, with emphasis to inertial response, active power ramp rate control, frequency response, voltage regulation, fault contribution and harmonic mitigation. The market tools and mechanisms for the procurement of these ASs are presented evolving the existing role of the Operators. Finally, potential barriers in the technical, regulatory, and financial framework have been identified and analyzed.

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“…Therefore, synthetic inertia should be treated as a new AS and be remunerated, contrary to the current practice, where it is considered an inherent system support function. However there exist no methods for the measurement and quantification of the inertial response provided artificially, despite the fact that there are various methods to make a converter-interfaced DRES exhibit controllable inertial response [47][48][49]. In most of these methods, the converters are controlled as voltage rather than current sources, emulating in this way the behaviour of the conventional SGs.…”

Section: Proposed Definition and Its Justificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancillary Services Offered by Distributed Renewable Energy Sources at the Distribution Grid Level: An Attempt at Proper Definition and Quantification

et al. 2020

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The gradual displacement of synchronous generators driven by conventional power plants, due to the increasing penetration of distributed renewable energy sources (DRES) in distribution grids, is creating a shortage of crucial ancillary services (AS) which are vital for the frequency and voltage stability of the grid. These AS, and some new ones, could now be offered by the DRES, particularly those that are converter interfaced, in a coordinated way in order to preserve the grid stability and resilience. Although recent standards and grid codes specify that the DRES exhibit some system support functions, there are no specifications on how to measure and quantify (M & Q) them both at DRES level and in aggregated form. The M & Q of AS is crucial, since it would allow the AS to be treated as tradable AS in the current and future AS markets. This paper attempts to define a number of AS that can be offered by converter-interfaced DRES and suggests methods for their M & Q. The new AS addressed are: (1) inertial response; (2) primary frequency response; (3) active power smoothing (ramp-rate limitation); (4) exchange of reactive power for voltage regulation; (5) fault-ride-through (FRT) and contribution to fault clearing; (6) voltage harmonic mitigation. Additionally, a rough estimation of the additional investment and operational cost, as well as the financial benefits associated with each AS is provided in order to form the basis for the development of business models around each AS in the near future.

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Modeling framework of voltage-source converters based on equivalence with synchronous generator

Cited by 31 publications

References 63 publications

Transient Stability Analysis and Enhancement of Renewable Energy Conversion System During LVRT

Transient Stability Analysis and Enhancement of Renewable Energy Conversion System During LVRT

Ancillary Services Market Design in Distribution Networks: Review and Identification of Barriers

Ancillary Services Offered by Distributed Renewable Energy Sources at the Distribution Grid Level: An Attempt at Proper Definition and Quantification

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