Modeling mass and density distribution effects on the performance of co-extruded electrodes for high energy density lithium-ion batteries

Cobb, Corie L.; Blanco, Mario

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.10.084

Cited by 59 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Another method to reduce tortuosity is through electrode processing. Introducing a pore former that can be well controlled and eliminated during electrode drying or sintering step is one effective method to create straight channels (where tortuosity is 1) in electrodes 72,80 The straight channels can also be created by laser structuring, 81 coextruded electrodes with a low-density area besides a higher density area, 82 or 3D printing interdigitated electrodes. 83 Nevertheless, better understanding on current distribution and its effect on lithium plating is needed for these special structures.…”

Section: Electrode Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Low-Cost, High-Energy Density, and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Ruther

et al. 2017

JOM

232

136

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Reducing cost and increasing energy density are two barriers for widespread application of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. Although the cost of electric vehicle batteries has been reduced by $70% from 2008 to 2015, the current battery pack cost ($268/kWh in 2015) is still >2 times what the USABC targets ($125/kWh). Even though many advancements in cell chemistry have been realized since the lithium-ion battery was first commercialized in 1991, few major breakthroughs have occurred in the past decade. Therefore, future cost reduction will rely on cell manufacturing and broader market acceptance. This article discusses three major aspects for cost reduction: (1) quality control to minimize scrap rate in cell manufacturing; (2) novel electrode processing and engineering to reduce processing cost and increase energy density and throughputs; and (3) material development and optimization for lithium-ion batteries with high-energy density. Insights on increasing energy and power densities of lithium-ion batteries are also addressed.

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Section: Electrode Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Low-Cost, High-Energy Density, and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Ruther

et al. 2017

JOM

232

136

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“…Co-extrusion is a process which is capable of direct deposition of thick electrode architectures at speeds ranging from 40-200 mm/s. A representative schematic for a printhead capable of co-extrusion is shown in Figure 1 and is described in more detail by Cobb et al (10). The relative thicknesses, widths, and lengths of the deposited features are dependent on the internal printhead geometry and process conditions.…”

Section: Sintered Electrode Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tortuosity of Binder-Free and Carbon-Free High Energy Density LiCoO₂ Electrodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cobb

Bae

2014

ECS Trans.

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Conventional electrodes, by volume, contain a large amount of electrochemically inactive material such as binder and carbon. This lowers the overall capacity of a battery and makes it difficult to realize high volumetric energy. Researchers have been actively pursuing methods which will enable the fabrication and full utilization of thick electrodes (≥200µm) with a minimal amount of inactive material. One approach which has emerged is to fabricate thick sintered electrode structures which are free of binder and carbon. However, these structures do not adhere to conventional assumptions about tortuosity. This paper aims to correlate John σewman's macrohomogeneous porous electrode model to thick high energy density, carbon-free and binder-free sintered electrode samples fabricated at PARC. We examine how assumptions about tortuosity affect model predictions of capacity. Our efforts focus on understanding the model parameters which can be used in σewman's existing model without modification to the underlying equations.

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“…They found that co-extruded macropore dimensions on order of 25 μm yielded the highest utilization of electroactive material for electrode thicknesses in the range of 150-300 μm. 10 In the present work we predict the enhancement in cycling performance that could be achieved by structuring graphite anodes with low-tortuosity macro-pores. We perform these calculations on a fullcell in which the graphite anode is paired with a LiCoO 2 cathode.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

Design of Bi-Tortuous, Anisotropic Graphite Anodes for Fast Ion-Transport in Li-Ion Batteries

Nemani

Harris

Smith

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Thick Li-ion battery electrodes with high ion transport rates could enable batteries that cost less and that have higher gravimetric and volumetric energy density, because they require fewer inactive cell-components. Finding ways to increase ion transport rates in thick electrodes would be especially valuable for electrodes made with graphite platelets, which have been shown to have tortuosities in the thru-plane direction about 3 times higher than in the in-plane direction. Here, we predict that bi-tortuous electrode structures (containing electrolyte-filled macro-pores embedded in micro-porous graphite) can enhance ion transport and can achieve double the discharge capacity compared to an unstructured electrode at the same average porosity. We introduce a new two-dimensional version of porous-electrode theory with anisotropic ion transport to investigate these effects and to interpret the mechanisms by which performance enhancements arise. From this analysis we determine criteria for the design of bi-tortuous graphite anodes, including the particular volume fraction of macro-pores that maximizes discharge capacity (approximately 20 vol.%) and a threshold spacing interval (half the electrode's thickness) below which only marginal enhancement in discharge capacity is obtained. We also report the sensitivity of performance with respect to cycling rate, electrode thickness, and average porosity/electroactive-material loading. Present-day oil demand and supply statistics show a clear need for alternatives in energy production, management, and storage. Amongst the various energy-storage devices available, Li-ion batteries have benefits of high gravimetric and volumetric energy-density.1-3 Modern Li-ion battery electrodes are porous composites of solid-state activematerial particles bound together by a conductive carbon-binder mixture, with an ion-conducting liquid electrolyte filling the pores. When a battery operates, electrons and ions are simultaneously transported to the surfaces of active-material particles, where electrochemical reactions take place. The rates at which ions are transported depend on the microscopic structure of the composite electrodes through a parameter called tortuosity. The microstructure in an electrode results from the particular choice of material constituents and processes that are used to fabricate the electrodes. To maximize the energy density of a battery, we would like to have electrodes with low porosity (maximizing the density of active material) and high thickness, reducing the number of inactive components (separators, current collectors) that are required for a given amount of active material, saving considerable cost. Unfortunately, electrodes with low porosity generally have high tortuosity, 4 making ion transport slow, an effect whose importance is magnified when electrodes are thick. Thus, techniques that produce thick, dense electrodes with enhanced ion transport could enable the development of batteries with high energy-density and high power density at a lower cost than...

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Modeling mass and density distribution effects on the performance of co-extruded electrodes for high energy density lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 59 publications

References 34 publications

Toward Low-Cost, High-Energy Density, and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Toward Low-Cost, High-Energy Density, and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Tortuosity of Binder-Free and Carbon-Free High Energy Density LiCoO₂ Electrodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries

Design of Bi-Tortuous, Anisotropic Graphite Anodes for Fast Ion-Transport in Li-Ion Batteries

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Modeling mass and density distribution effects on the performance of co-extruded electrodes for high energy density lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 59 publications

References 34 publications

Toward Low-Cost, High-Energy Density, and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Toward Low-Cost, High-Energy Density, and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Tortuosity of Binder-Free and Carbon-Free High Energy Density LiCoO2 Electrodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries

Design of Bi-Tortuous, Anisotropic Graphite Anodes for Fast Ion-Transport in Li-Ion Batteries

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Tortuosity of Binder-Free and Carbon-Free High Energy Density LiCoO₂ Electrodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries