Modeling of heterotrophic bacteria counts in a water distribution system

Francisque, Alex; Rodriguez, Manuel J.; Miranda-Moreno, Luis F.; Sadiq, Rehan; Proulx, François

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.11.030

Cited by 70 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Many researchers (Francisque et al, 2009;Hallam et al, 2002;Vasconcelos et al, 1997) have indicated that the concentration of chlorine residual in pipe water is inversely related to the level of microbes and the water temperature, and positively related to the initial chlorine concentration in water. Some scientists (Hallam and Hua, 2003;Powell et al, 2000) have found that the Arrhenius equation can be used to describe the relationship between temperature and the bulk decay constant (k b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growth of bacteria in distribution systems depends on various physical, chemical, and operational conditions (Zhang and DiGiano, 2002), as well as seasonal fluctuations (Berry et al, 2006). Francisque et al (2009) developed models based on multivariate regression analysis for predicting heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) in the distribution systems of Quebec City. He applied the widely accepted concept that many other water quality parameters are associated with the HPC level (Spiegel and Stephens, 2007) and attempted to identify them by using one regression approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But this method was associated with several disadvantages. The models were specific to the distribution system of Quebec City, and another limitation of the model was that it was more suited to describing and predicting the HPC in distribution systems where bacterial occurrence was relatively low (Francisque et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Real-time ArcGIS and heterotrophic plate count based chloramine disinfectant control in water distribution system

Bai¹,

Zhi²,

Zhu³

et al. 2015

Water Research

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Real-time ArcGIS and heterotrophic plate count based chloramine disinfectant control in water distribution system

Bai¹,

Zhi²,

Zhu³

et al. 2015

Water Research

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“…It is the most commonly measured parameter, given its broad interpretation and relatively low cost of measurement. In fact, free chlorine can be linked to several characteristics of drinking water: its significance for microbiological water quality (coliforms, heterotrophic plate counts (HPC)) and chemical quality (disinfection by-products (DBPs)) has been already documented (Rook 1974;Goshko et al 1983;Hua and Reckhow 2008;Francisque et al 2009). …”

Section: Parameter Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, application, and sensitivity analysis of a water quality index for drinking water management in small systems

Scheili

Rodriguez

Sadiq

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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The aim of this study was to produce a drinking water assessment tool for operators of small distribution systems. A drinking water quality index (DWQI) was developed and applied to small systems based on the water quality index of the Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment. The drinking water quality index was adapted to specific needs by creating four drinking water quality scenarios. First, the temporal and spatial dimensions of drinking water quality variability were taken into account. The DWQI was designed to express global drinking water quality according to different monitoring frequencies. Daily, monthly, and seasonal assessment was also considered. With the data made available, it was possible to use the index as a spatial monitoring tool and express water quality in different points in the distribution system. Moreover, adjustments were made to prioritize the type of contaminant to monitor. For instance, monitoring contaminants with acute health effects led to a scenario based on daily measures, including easily accessible and affordable water quality parameters. On the other hand, contaminants with chronic effects, especially disinfection by-products, were considered in a seasonal monitoring scenario where disinfection by-product reference values were redefined according to their seasonal variability. A sensitivity analysis was also carried out to validate the index. Globally, the DWQI developed is adapted to the needs of small systems. In fact, expressing drinking water quality using the DWQI contributes to the identification of problematic periods and segments in the distribution system. Further work may include this index in the development of a customized decision-making tool for small-system operators and managers.

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“…In fact, this method assumes that the dependant variable (in this case CBP measurements in DS) may be affected by observed factors (explanatory variables) and unobserved heterogeneities at both the individual level and at one or more group levels (Goldstein 2003). This approach has not been applied at yet to CBP modelling but has been used in the drinking water field to model spatio-temporal variability of heterotrophic bacteria (Francisque et al 2009). …”

Section: Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-level modelling of chlorination by-product presence in drinking water distribution systems for human exposure assessment purposes

Legay

Rodriguez

Miranda-Moreno

et al. 2010

Environ Monit Assess

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During drinking water treatment and distribution, chlorine reacts with organic matter occurring in water to form various chlorination by-products (CBPs) such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). This paper presents the occurrence of THMs and HAAs in different water distribution systems (DS) of the same region and their modelling for exposure assessment purposes. This study was conducted in eight DS supplying chlorinated water to the population of Québec City, Canada. These systems differ in type of water source (i.e. surface, ground or mixed water), in treatment applied at the plant, and in size and structure of the DS. Two spatio-temporal databases for THMs and HAAs were implemented, one for model development and the other for model validation. The analysis of the data demonstrates significant seasonal and spatial variations of these compounds. A multi-level statistical modelling approach was applied to estimate the ranges for occurrence of THMs and HAAs in the eight DS (i.e. a single model for the study region for each CBP species). The modelling approach integrates available or easily measurable parameters. For both THMs and HAAs, a two-level model considering a sampling-site random effect was selected among various models initially developed. The model capacity for estimating the presence of THMs and HAAs in drinking water and its usefulness for exposure assessment purposes in the studied region was demonstrated.

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Modeling of heterotrophic bacteria counts in a water distribution system

Cited by 70 publications

References 28 publications

Real-time ArcGIS and heterotrophic plate count based chloramine disinfectant control in water distribution system

Real-time ArcGIS and heterotrophic plate count based chloramine disinfectant control in water distribution system

Development, application, and sensitivity analysis of a water quality index for drinking water management in small systems

Multi-level modelling of chlorination by-product presence in drinking water distribution systems for human exposure assessment purposes

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