Modeling of lithium plating induced aging of lithium-ion batteries: Transition from linear to nonlinear aging

Yang, Xiaoling; Leng, Yongjun; Zhang, Guangsheng; Ge, Shanhai; Wang, Chao Yang

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.05.110

Cited by 662 publications

(458 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…With an improved understanding of the cell-internal loss mechanisms, an increasing number of semi-empirical and physical models have been developed and successfully used for cell modeling [49,50]. Recently, non-empirical Physical-Chemical Models (PCM) have gained increasing interest [51][52][53]. Despite the usage of PCM models for aging prediction may allow giving a more detailed insight to cell internal loss mechanisms and how to circumvent these, it remains most challenging to find a valid parametrization of such models and to scale the cell internal models to the application relevant level of a full battery system [52,54,55].…”

Section: Aging Of Lithium-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium-Ion Battery Storage for the Grid—A Review of Stationary Battery Storage System Design Tailored for Applications in Modern Power Grids

et al. 2017

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Battery energy storage systems have gained increasing interest for serving grid support in various application tasks. In particular, systems based on lithium-ion batteries have evolved rapidly with a wide range of cell technologies and system architectures available on the market. On the application side, different tasks for storage deployment demand distinct properties of the storage system. This review aims to serve as a guideline for best choice of battery technology, system design and operation for lithium-ion based storage systems to match a specific system application. Starting with an overview to lithium-ion battery technologies and their characteristics with respect to performance and aging, the storage system design is analyzed in detail based on an evaluation of real-world projects. Typical storage system applications are grouped and classified with respect to the challenges posed to the battery system. Publicly available modeling tools for technical and economic analysis are presented. A brief analysis of optimization approaches aims to point out challenges and potential solution techniques for system sizing, positioning and dispatch operation. For all areas reviewed herein, expected improvements and possible future developments are highlighted. In order to extract the full potential of stationary battery storage systems and to enable increased profitability of systems, future research should aim to a holistic system level approach combining not only performance tuning on a battery cell level and careful analysis of the application requirements, but also consider a proper selection of storage sub-components as well as an optimized system operation strategy.

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Section: Aging Of Lithium-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium-Ion Battery Storage for the Grid—A Review of Stationary Battery Storage System Design Tailored for Applications in Modern Power Grids

et al. 2017

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“…Concentration gradients not only lead to increased overpotentials and thus lower accessible capacities, but also play an important role in battery aging caused by lithium plating reactions at the graphite anode/separator interface. 1 Along with the intrinsic transport parameters of the liquid electrolyte, the morphological properties of a porous electrode, quantified by the parameters porosity and tortuosity, are key to understanding the buildup of concentration gradients across the electrode thickness and the resulting performance limitations of porous electrodes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tortuosity of Battery Electrodes: Validation of Impedance-Derived Values and Critical Comparison with 3D Tomography

Landesfeind

Ebner

Eldiven

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

128

137

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Tortuosity values of porous battery electrodes determined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in symmetric cells with a non-intercalating electrolyte are typically higher than those values based on numerical analysis of 3D tomographic reconstructions. The electrochemical approach assumes that the electronic resistance in the porous coating is negligible and that the tortuosity of the porous electrode can be calculated from the ionic resistance determined by fitting a transmission line equivalent circuit model to the experimental data. In this work, we validate the assumptions behind the electrochemical approach. First, we experimentally and theoretically investigate the influence of the electronic resistance of the porous electrode on the extracted ionic resistances using a general transmission line model, and provide a convenient method to determine whether the electronic resistance is sufficiently low for the model to be correctly applied. Second, using a macroscopic setup with known tortuosity, we prove that the ionic resistance quantified by the transmission line model indeed yields the true tortuosity of a porous medium. Based on our findings, we analyze the tortuosities of porous electrodes using both X-ray tomography and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on electrodes from the same coating and conclude that the distribution of the polymeric binder phase, which is not imaged in most tomographic experiments, is a key reason for the underestimated tortuosity values calculated from 3D reconstructions of electrode microstructures. In commercially relevant lithium ion battery cells operating at high currents or low temperatures and/or cells with thick and low porosity electrodes (i.e., electrodes with high areal capacity and high volumetric energy density), the ionic transport in the electrolyte throughout the thickness of the porous electrode becomes limiting, leading to the buildup of excessive electrolyte concentration gradients across the thickness of the electrode. Concentration gradients not only lead to increased overpotentials and thus lower accessible capacities, but also play an important role in battery aging caused by lithium plating reactions at the graphite anode/separator interface.1 Along with the intrinsic transport parameters of the liquid electrolyte, the morphological properties of a porous electrode, quantified by the parameters porosity and tortuosity, are key to understanding the buildup of concentration gradients across the electrode thickness and the resulting performance limitations of porous electrodes.In the battery community, there are currently two commonly used approaches to obtain values for the tortuosity of porous electrodes; however, they yield different results. One is based on numerical diffusion simulations on 3D reconstructions of the electrode obtained using X-ray (XTM) or focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB SEM) tomography.2,3 The other approach is based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements of the electrodes in a symme...

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“…Again, the NMC chemistry displays a high final temperature value of around 40°C which is actually rising as the cell ages. Since the resistance of the cell is increasing due to electrochemical phenomena such as reduced electrolyte conductivity or a plated anode [26,32], the corresponding heat generation is greater, Moreover, by comparing the thermal pictures at different aging states, one can see that the thermal distribution has changed. Indeed, at 100% SoH, the high temperature point is located in the center but as the cell ages, the temperature distribution is more uniform, as shown in in Figure 7g.…”

Section: Fast-charging Results For An Aged Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, in addition to a fast rise in the battery system temperature, the high current-rate condition of the fast-charging profile further deteriorates the LiB performance [25][26][27]. This presents serious difficulties for operating the battery under high current rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining an Electrothermal and Impedance Aging Model to Investigate Thermal Degradation Caused by Fast Charging

et al. 2018

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Fast charging is an exciting topic in the field of electric and hybrid electric vehicles (EVs/HEVs). In order to achieve faster charging times, fast-charging applications involve high-current profiles which can lead to high cell temperature increase, and in some cases thermal runaways. There has been some research on the impact caused by fast-charging profiles. This research is mostly focused on the electrical, thermal and aging aspects of the cell individually, but these factors are never treated together. In this paper, the thermal progression of the lithium-ion battery under specific fast-charging profiles is investigated and modeled. The cell is a Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide/graphite-based cell (NMC) rated at 20 Ah, and thermal images during fast-charging have been taken at four degradation states: 100%, 90%, 85%, and 80% State-of-Health (SoH). A semi-empirical resistance aging model is developed using gathered data from extensive cycling and calendar aging tests, which is coupled to an electrothermal model. This novel combined model achieves good agreement with the measurements, with simulation results always within 2°C of the measured values. This study presents a modeling methodology that is usable to predict the potential temperature distribution for lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) during fast-charging profiles at different aging states, which would be of benefit for Battery Management Systems (BMS) in future thermal strategies.

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Modeling of lithium plating induced aging of lithium-ion batteries: Transition from linear to nonlinear aging

Cited by 662 publications

References 61 publications

Lithium-Ion Battery Storage for the Grid—A Review of Stationary Battery Storage System Design Tailored for Applications in Modern Power Grids

Lithium-Ion Battery Storage for the Grid—A Review of Stationary Battery Storage System Design Tailored for Applications in Modern Power Grids

Tortuosity of Battery Electrodes: Validation of Impedance-Derived Values and Critical Comparison with 3D Tomography

Combining an Electrothermal and Impedance Aging Model to Investigate Thermal Degradation Caused by Fast Charging

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