Modeling of Luminous Flux Radiation to the Upper Hemisphere from Real Model of Town

The Effect of Spill Light on Street Lighting Energy Efficiency and Light Pollution

“…An equally important result is the proportion between the direct upward light output ratio of the luminaires and the global upward light output ratio of the street lighting (with reflections from surrounding surfaces). It confirms the assumption that the reflected light component has a much higher effect on light pollution than the direct upward light from the luminaires [16]. The direct component of upward light used to be less than 20 percent of the total luminous flux emitted to the upper hemisphere, which could be valuable information for discussions between lighting designers and light pollution experts [26].…”

“…Night sky luminance is often t leading indicator used to optimise lighting installations and minimise light pollution [1 The disadvantage of the methods described above is that the measured data usually re resents the light pollution observed from the location of the photometer and thus cann determine the causes of light pollution in a broader area. Some studies have tried to ev uate light pollution at least in a small section of the street lighting installation in the c [16]. Light pollution can also be assessed using data measured outside the illuminat environment by satellite imagery of the night sky [17,18], which mainly describes the lig spread in the atmosphere and is not applicable for modelling physical properties of lig pollution observed from the Earth.…”