Modeling of NO<sub>x</sub>Reburning in a Pilot Scale Furnace Using Detailed Reaction Kinetics

Ehrhardt, K.; Toqan, P.; Jansohn, P.; Teare, J.D.; Béer, J.M.; Sybon, G.; Leuckel, Wolfgang

doi:10.1080/00102209808935758

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…While Schlegel et al (1996) used a simple combination of PSRs and PFRs in their model, Falcitelli et al (2002b) used hundreds of PSRs for representing their CRN. Another example is the Ehrhardt et al (1998) study; they applied a large number of PSRs and PFRs for demonstrating the simple flow field of their combustor. The experimental jet-stirred reactors (JSRs) were widely studied by Rutar and Malte (2002) to simulate one PSR or several PSRs and PFRs.…”

Section: Practical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the applications of the chemical reactor network approach on the prediction of pollutant emissions

Khodayari

Ommi

Saboohi

2020

AEAT

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the applications of the chemical reactor network (CRN) approach for modeling the combustion in gas turbine combustors and classify the CRN construction methods that have been frequently used by researchers. Design/methodology/approach This paper initiates with introducing the CRN approach as a practical tool for precisely predicting the species concentrations in the combustion process with lower computational costs. The structure of the CRN and its elements as the ideal reactors are reviewed in recent studies. Flow field modeling has been identified as the most important input for constructing the CRNs; thus, the flow field modeling methods have been extensively reviewed in previous studies. Network approach, component modeling approach and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), as the main flow field modeling methods, are investigated with a focus on the CRN applications. Then, the CRN construction approaches are reviewed and categorized based on extracting the flow field required data. Finally, the most used kinetics and CRN solvers are reviewed and reported in this paper. Findings It is concluded that the CRN approach can be a useful tool in the entire process of combustion chamber design. One-dimensional and quasi-dimensional methods of flow field modeling are used in the construction of the simple CRNs without detailed geometry data. This approach requires fewer requirements and is used in the initial combustor designing process. In recent years, using the CFD approach in the construction of CRNs has been increased. The flow field results of the CFD codes processed to create the homogeneous regions based on construction criteria. Over the past years, several practical algorithms have been proposed to automatically extract reactor networks from CFD results. These algorithms have been developed to identify homogeneous regions with a high resolution based on the splitting criteria. Originality/value This paper reviews the various flow modeling methods used in the construction of the CRNs, along with an overview of the studies carried out in this field. Also, the usual approaches for creating a CRN and the most significant achievements in this field are addressed in detail.

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Section: Practical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the applications of the chemical reactor network approach on the prediction of pollutant emissions

Khodayari

Ommi

Saboohi

2020

AEAT

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“…A different approach, based on the decoupling of fluid dynamics and pollutant formation, has been followed in this work; in a first step the turbulent reacting flow is calculated considering the heat release by fuel oxidation. In a separate second step NO x reduction in the previously determined flow field is calculated by ªpost-processingº [4]. The decoupling is possible since the influence of species like NO or HCN, which occur in small concentrations, on the local heat release by reaction and on the flow can be neglected.…”

Section: Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of NOX Reduction by Reburning

Stapf

Ehrhardt

Leuckel

1998

Chem. Eng. Technol.

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rates for the nonspecific gas transport measured on the pure PMMA membrane decrease in the opposite order, namely, H 2 > n-C 4 H 10 > CH 4 > SF 6 (cf. Fig. 3).In order to increase the effect of the influence of a photochemical isomerization on mass transport membrane systems which have a larger ratio of specific to nonspecific mass transport should be selected. ConclusionsAmong the three types of polymer membranes tested, only the PMAZB membrane with AZB chemically bound to the side chain of the polymethacrylate showed a modified permeation behavior for different gases and methanol vapor when the AZB is photochemically switched into the trans or cis state. Due to the switching effect of the mass transport, this type of membrane acts like a microvalve. Possible applications of this membrane could be in microreactors for the controlled dosing of the educts or for the light controlled removal of products.Due to the high permeability of the polymethacrylate matrix, however, the trans/cis switching of the AZB has only a small modifying influence on the total permeability of the membrane. It is planned, therefore, to transfer the photochemical trans/cis switching to zeolite membranes which can accommodate adsorbed AZB in their well-defined pore system. For this AZB/zeolite composite membrane, we expect a higher influence of the trans/cis photoisomerization on the transport behavior of gases.This strong modification of the permeation pattern by the photochemical switching of the membrane should become evident by the comparison of bulky and nonbulky as well as of polar and nonpolar molecules. AcknowledgmentsWe thank the DFG (grants No 322/1-1 and Ma 1745/2-1) for financial support. References[1] Weh, K.; Noack, M.; Ruhmann, R.; Hoffmann, K.; Toussaint, P.; Chemie Ingenieur Technik, in press. [2] Okahata, Y.; Lim, H.; Hachiya, S.; J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. II (1984) No. 6, pp. 989±994. [3] Balasubramanian, D.; Subramani, S.; Kumar, C.; Nature 254 (1975) pp. 252±254. [4] Tachibana, H.; Nakamura, T.; Matsumoto, M.; Komizu, H.; Manda, E.; Niino, H.; Yabe, A.; Kawabata, Y.; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111 (1989) pp. 3080±3081. [5] Anzai, J.; Osa, T.; Tetrahedron 50 (1994) pp. 4039±4070. [6] Ruhmann, R.; Zschuppe, V.; Dittmer, M.; Wolff, D.; Makromol. Chem. 193 (1992) pp. 3073±3082.Reburning is a powerful and relatively inexpensive technique to reduce the NO x emission from industrial incinerators or coal fired power plants. NO x reduction is achieved by means of secondary fuel injection. The aim of the reported theoretical and experimental investigations has been to develop modeling tools for combustor design and layout. Detailed kinetic models from the literature have been tested and modified to describe species interconversion under practical reburning conditions. Furthermore, a hybrid model has been developed which allows calculation of the NO reduction in practical flows. It separates the computation of the turbulent flow from the computation of NO reduction. The latter is performed by a postprocessor using detailed kinetics. Bot...

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“…However, the results also showed that, while applying the actual results to the data, they did not correspond to the experimental characteristics. Ehrhardt studied NOx reduction using a reburning process under pilot-scale conditions, and Fiveland, through numerical modeling, suggested a low-NOx burner that could be attached to a boiler [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Formula to Predict the NOx Emissions from Coal Power Plant using Lab-Scale and Real-Scale Operating Data

Kim

Jeong

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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The use of fossil fuels has drastically increased throughout the world as the demand for energy increases. Accordingly, it has become critical that we reduce the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and oxides of sulfur pollutants. Therefore, studies related to these activities have increased. This study was aimed at helping take pre-emptive action on NOx emissions by developing a formula that would predict NOx generation using factors related to the combustion characteristics and basic material properties of coal. In this study, the experiments were conducted using a drop tube furnace, and the correlation between coal’s major characteristics and NOx generation was analyzed and measured. Our results showed that the major factors affecting NOx generation are moisture, fixed carbon, and fuel ratio. Moisture tended to decrease NOx generation by delaying the ignition of coal and fixed carbon exhibited a tendency to be directly proportional to NOx generation. The R2 value for NOx of moisture and fixed carbon were derived as 0.7659 and 0.7063, respectively. Our results also showed that the fuel ratio had an exponential relation with the conversion of fuel-N to NOx. Based on the results of our analyses, we used moisture, fixed carbon, and fuel ratio as the major factors for creating an experimental formula. Through these results, we confirmed that the prediction formula reflects the actual amount of NOx emitted from the powerplants.

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Modeling of NO_xReburning in a Pilot Scale Furnace Using Detailed Reaction Kinetics

Cited by 21 publications

References 2 publications

A review on the applications of the chemical reactor network approach on the prediction of pollutant emissions

A review on the applications of the chemical reactor network approach on the prediction of pollutant emissions

Modeling of NOX Reduction by Reburning

Empirical Formula to Predict the NOx Emissions from Coal Power Plant using Lab-Scale and Real-Scale Operating Data

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Modeling of NOxReburning in a Pilot Scale Furnace Using Detailed Reaction Kinetics

Cited by 21 publications

References 2 publications

A review on the applications of the chemical reactor network approach on the prediction of pollutant emissions

A review on the applications of the chemical reactor network approach on the prediction of pollutant emissions

Modeling of NOX Reduction by Reburning

Empirical Formula to Predict the NOx Emissions from Coal Power Plant using Lab-Scale and Real-Scale Operating Data

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Product

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Modeling of NO_xReburning in a Pilot Scale Furnace Using Detailed Reaction Kinetics