Modeling of pair-induced quenching in erbium-doped silicate fibers

Delevaque, E.; Georges, T.; Monerie, M.; Lamouler, P.; Bayon, J.F.

doi:10.1109/68.185065

Cited by 234 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The rates R i j are equal to I i j /h , with I the pump intensity, i j the cross section, and h the pump photon energy. Here, 12 is the pump absorption cross section, 21 is the cross section for stimulated emission at the pump wavelength, and 24 is the cross section for ESA. When solving the rate equations the population of level 4 can be neglected as it rapidly decays to level 3 nonradiatively.…”

Section: Low Er Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very efficient cooperative upconversion can occur when two ͑or more͒ ions form a pair ͑or cluster͒, resulting in almost immediate interaction of the ions once both of them are excited. This is referred to as pair-induced quenching ͑PIQ͒, [12][13][14] and effectively limits the maximum degree of inversion attainable in the material. Upconversion can also occur through absorption of a photon by an excited Er 3ϩ ion, promoting it to a higher-energy state ͓see Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upconversion in Er-implanted Al2O3 waveguides

Hoven

Snoeks

Polman

et al. 1996

Journal of Applied Physics

168

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Hoven, van den, G.N.; Snoeks, E.; Polman, A.; Dam, van, C.; Uffelen, van, J.W.M.; Smit, M.K. Published in:Journal of Applied Physics Published: 01/01/1996 Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication:• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA):Hoven, van den, G. N., Snoeks, E., Polman, A., Dam, van, C., Uffelen, van, J. W. M., & Smit, M. K. (1996). Upconversion in Er-implanted Al2O3 waveguides. Journal of Applied Physics, 79(3), 1258-1266. General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. When pumped with a 1.48 m laser diode, Er-implanted Al 2 O 3 ridge waveguides emit a broad spectrum consisting of several distinct peaks having wavelengths ranging from the midinfrared ͑1.53 m͒ to the visible ͑520 nm͒. In order to explain these observations, three different upconversion mechanisms are considered: cooperative upconversion, excited state absorption, and pair-induced quenching. It is found that for samples with a high Er concentration ͑1.4 at. %͒, cooperative upconversion completely dominates the deexcitation of the Er 3ϩ ions. For a much lower concentration ͑0.12 at. %͒, the influence of cooperative upconversion is strongly reduced, and another upconversion effect becomes apparent: excited state absorption. These conclusions are based on measurements of the luminescence emission versus pump intensity, and also on measured luminescence decay curves. The upconversion coefficient is found to be ͑4Ϯ1͒ϫ10 Ϫ18 cm 3 /s; the excited state absorption cross section is ͑0.9Ϯ0.3͒ϫ10 Ϫ21 cm 2 . It is shown that in spite of these upconversion effects, a high fraction of the Er 3ϩ can be excite...

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Section: Low Er Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upconversion in Er-implanted Al2O3 waveguides

Hoven

Snoeks

Polman

et al. 1996

Journal of Applied Physics

168

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“…However, previous studies have shown that the tunability of EDFL depends very much on the active fiber length [5,6]. In addition, a concentration-related process called pair-induced quenching (PIQ) may significantly degrade the performance of erbium-doped fibers (EDFs) [9][10][11][12]. The effect of PIQ has also been found to cause a detrimental increase in the threshold, a reduction in conversion efficiency in EDFLs [13], as well as degradation in the power flatness of tunable EDFLs [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of active fiber length on the tunability of erbium-doped fiber ring lasers

Dong¹,

Shum²,

Ngo³

et al. 2003

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We numerically investigate the effects of the active fiber length on the tunability of erbium-doped fiber ring lasers for the cases of with and without pair-induced quenching (PIQ). The numerical results are confirmed by experiments. We have found that the tuning range shifts from C-band to L-band with an increase in the active fiber length. A maximum tuning range of over 100 nm, covering both the C-and L-band, can be achieved with an optimized active fiber length. It is also found that the PIQ is favorable for Lband lasing though it reduces the output power and degrades the power flatness. Using these findings, a novel method employing active fiber length switching is proposed to extend the tuning range of the laser, which is only limited by the free spectral range (FSR) of the tunable filter. A large tuning range of 102 nm is obtained using a tunable fiber Fabry-Perot filter with an FSR of 75 nm.

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“…5.1 show the pump absorption versus launched pump power of the waveguide with an Er A number of authors [109][110][111][112][113] have attributed a similar behavior observed in other host materials to a fast quenching process. In our samples, such a process can be induced by, e.g., fast static ETU due to active ion pairs or clusters, energy transfer to undesired impurities, or trapping of excitation energy by host material defects, such as voids.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 67%

“…In order to determine the fraction of quenched ions, we introduce a simple quenched-ion rate-equation model (see Appendix B, Part 1) that generalizes the ion-pair scheme presented in Ref. [109] to all the potential quenching mechanisms mentioned above. The quenched ions still absorb pump light, like the active ions do, but their luminescence is strongly quenched with a characteristic decay time  1q .…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic excitation and quenching processes in rare-earth-ion-doped AI203 and their impact on amplifier and laser performance

Agazzi¹

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Modeling of pair-induced quenching in erbium-doped silicate fibers

Cited by 234 publications

References 8 publications

Upconversion in Er-implanted Al2O3 waveguides

Upconversion in Er-implanted Al2O3 waveguides

Effects of active fiber length on the tunability of erbium-doped fiber ring lasers

Spectroscopic excitation and quenching processes in rare-earth-ion-doped AI203 and their impact on amplifier and laser performance

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