“…2 shows the optical microstructures of the specimens before and after the LSM process. It was different from the microstructure of the base metal of Inconel 600 before the LSM process (Bao et al, 2006b). The specimens of Inconel 182 before the LSM process showed a similar solidification microstructure which formed during the SMAW process.…”
Section: Microstructure Observationmentioning
confidence: 68%
“…We omit the solute microsegregation which occurred during the solidification procedure of SMAW since this seems to have little effect on Cr depletion profiles according to an earlier study on Inconel 600 (Bao et al, 2006b). The lowest precipitation temperature of the SMAW process was selected as 723 K which is the same temperature as used in subsequent heat treatment.…”
Section: Comparison Of Calculated Results and Experimental Datamentioning
a b s t r a c tThermodynamic and kinetic modeling were conducted to simulate Cr depletion profiles near grain boundaries in Inconel 182 during heat treatments and laser surface melting (LSM) using Thermo-Calc and DICTRA code. The effect of Nb addition was also considered in the modeling. Based on the good agreement with Cr concentration distributions during the heat treatments measured experimentally, Cr depletion profiles adjacent to grain boundaries during the heat treatments and the LSM process were modeled. The Cr depletion profiles were evaluated using the Cr depletion area below the critical Cr concentration for intergranular cracking/intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGC/IGSCC) susceptibility (12 mass%).Compared with the result of the Streicher test, the calculated Cr depletion areas showed good agreement with IGC/IGSCC susceptibilities. The sample after stress relief (SR) treatment had the largest Cr depletion area and showed the poorest IGC/IGSCC resistance. Cr depletion showed some recovery during subsequent low temperature sensitization (LTS).The sample after the LSM process had the smallest Cr depletion area and showed the best IGC/IGSCC resistance.
“…2 shows the optical microstructures of the specimens before and after the LSM process. It was different from the microstructure of the base metal of Inconel 600 before the LSM process (Bao et al, 2006b). The specimens of Inconel 182 before the LSM process showed a similar solidification microstructure which formed during the SMAW process.…”
Section: Microstructure Observationmentioning
confidence: 68%
“…We omit the solute microsegregation which occurred during the solidification procedure of SMAW since this seems to have little effect on Cr depletion profiles according to an earlier study on Inconel 600 (Bao et al, 2006b). The lowest precipitation temperature of the SMAW process was selected as 723 K which is the same temperature as used in subsequent heat treatment.…”
Section: Comparison Of Calculated Results and Experimental Datamentioning
a b s t r a c tThermodynamic and kinetic modeling were conducted to simulate Cr depletion profiles near grain boundaries in Inconel 182 during heat treatments and laser surface melting (LSM) using Thermo-Calc and DICTRA code. The effect of Nb addition was also considered in the modeling. Based on the good agreement with Cr concentration distributions during the heat treatments measured experimentally, Cr depletion profiles adjacent to grain boundaries during the heat treatments and the LSM process were modeled. The Cr depletion profiles were evaluated using the Cr depletion area below the critical Cr concentration for intergranular cracking/intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGC/IGSCC) susceptibility (12 mass%).Compared with the result of the Streicher test, the calculated Cr depletion areas showed good agreement with IGC/IGSCC susceptibilities. The sample after stress relief (SR) treatment had the largest Cr depletion area and showed the poorest IGC/IGSCC resistance. Cr depletion showed some recovery during subsequent low temperature sensitization (LTS).The sample after the LSM process had the smallest Cr depletion area and showed the best IGC/IGSCC resistance.
“…Analysis of this chromium enriched surface layer has revealed a significant amount of Cr 2 O 3 on laser melted surfaces of Fe-based alloys [35] and Ni-based alloys [36]. Bao et al [37,38] compared LSM and classical heat treatment on Ni-based alloys to produce controlled oxidation. They proved that laser treatment could reduce the subsurface chromium depletion and provide better healing properties to the oxide layer than classical heat treatment.…”
Section: At 285 • C the Diffusion Coefficient Of Ni In A Chromine Layer V Cr2o3mentioning
The surface of Ni-based alloy 690 was treated using a sub-microsecond pulsed laser in order to reduce the amount of nickel released when the surface is exposed to the primary cooling system of pressurized water nuclear reactors. A 2D array of laser treatment parameter sets was investigated. The results on sample surfaces was characterized using interferometric microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry (GDOES) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometry (XPS). The treatment leading to a continuous and defect-free chromine surface having the minimum nickel content over about the first two nanometers and no subsurface chromium depletion was selected for the nickel release test. This selection criterion proved to be very efficient as the total amount of nickel released in a standard qualification test using a simulated primary coolant was reduced, compared to a non-treated surface, by a factor of 7 during the heating phase and by a factor of 3.7 on average over the whole month-long test.
“…The distribution was decided by Cr depletion degree around a grain boundary on the supposition that Cr depletion introduces magnetic moments around the depletion area (Aspden et al 1972, Takahashi et al 2004b. The distribution of Cr depletion depending on heating duration time was calculated by thermodynamic analysis (Pruthi et al 1977, Was & Kruger 1985, Grujicic & Tangrila 1991, Kai et al 1993, Bao et al 2006. Here the heating duration time means the period of thermal annealing under a constant heating temperature.…”
Section: M-h Curves With a Local Magnetic Distributionmentioning
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