Modeling of retailer's behavior for participation in the capacity market

Abstract

Summary Due to economic reasons, only way for demand side management resources participation in capacity market is their participation by load serving entities, energy service companies, or retailers. To achieve the optimal participation of retailers in the capacity market, it is crucial to model the effective parameters in retailers’ behavior model and how they trade with the independent system operator and the consumers. So a novel method is proposed in this paper for modeling retailers’ behavior, considering demand side management resources availability for their participation in long term commitments. The capacity product of the retailer and its behavior are comprehensively modeled to trade in the capacity market. The competition of retailers is also considered and its effects on the profit of the retailer and consumers are analyzed. A genetic algorithm has been used to solve this problem due to its ability for solving large‐scale real nonlinear Non‐deterministic Polynomial‐time hard (NP‐hard) optimization problems.

Multi‐agent decentralized microgrids planning considering long‐term demand response model

“…The data about DRPs are considered based on the literature. 39 Accordingly, FOR of DRPs was approximately considered equal to 0.05. In addition, 10% of each bus load can participate in DRPs.…”

“…Generation from the existing WT r þ wits is limited within the upper limit of power generation Rmax wits as shown in Equation (38). Finally, in Equation (39), Rmax wits is calculated as a forecast wind generation obtained from multiplying capacity of the existing plants R wi by percentage of nominal capacity generating Rits .…”

“…For formulating long‐term model of DRPs, two models have to be developed for capacity of DRPs and their unavailability (forced outage rate [FOR]). Modeling capacity of DRPs was proposed in Reference 39. The model is proposed as follows.…”

“…In addition, the battery charge should always be between 10% and 90% of its capacity and based on self‐sufficiency index, 70% of each SMG load must be supplied by its own generation. The data about DRPs are considered based on the literature 39 . Accordingly, FOR of DRPs was approximately considered equal to 0.05.…”

Modelling of demand response programs in energy management of combined cooling, heat and power‐based microgrids considering resiliency

“…According to the defi-nition of the department of energy (DOE), DRPs make changes in consumer electricity consumption according to their normal consumption pattern, in response to the changes in electricity prices or due to incentives [2]. To apply DRPs to the electricity industry studies, their models have been developed in two categories of time-based and incentive-based, where the latter has been used in this paper [3]. Today, the capacity of renewable generations (wind turbines (WTs) and photovoltaic (PV) units) has been developed in the power systems.…”