Modeling of Skin Tissue Ablation by Nanosecond Pulses From Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared and Comparison With Experimental Results

Abstract

Abstract-Comprehension of biological tissue ablation by short laser pulses in a broad optical spectrum is of fundamental importance to the understanding of laser-tissue interaction and advancing surgical applications of lasers. We report a new plasma ablation model in which the chromophore ionization pathway is incorporated to explain the skin tissue ablation by nanosecond laser pulses from ultraviolet to near-infrared. A rate equation is solved to examine the effects of chromophore, cascade, and multiphoton ionization on the optical breakdown of the tissue. The wavelength and spot size dependence of the breakdown thresholds have been measured and agreements have been found between the calculated and measured results.

Influence of environmental conditions in bovine bone ablation by ultrafast laser

“…During femtosecond laser ablation, multiphoton ionization initiates optical breakdown and plasma formation . The plasma‐mediated ablation process is accompanied by bubble formation and subsequent material removal at the focal spot .…”

Fiber optic sensing technologies potentially applicable for hypersonic wind tunnel harsh environments

“…This kind of sensors has not yet batch developed, because traditional micromachining process is very difficult to directly produce on micro-structure of fiber, and accordingly very expensive. The laser miniaturization process, micro / nano fabrication and film technology push the research on new generation of optoelectronic elements (optical communication devices, fiber sensors and electric sensors) by providing the new technical means [52][53][54]. For example, Rao and others [14,55,56] have fabricated FPI sensors based on 157 nm laser micro-machining process, and the reliability of the sensor could be guaranteed by decreasing the size of sensors and adopting the full-quartz structure, with the process flow shown in Fig.…”

Measurement of tissue optical properties in the context of tissue optical clearing

“…7,8 In therapeutics, all kinds of treatments, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), 9 low-level laser therapy (LLLT), 10 photothermal therapy (PTT), 11 and plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT), 12,13 need an accurate dosimetry that is impossible to provide without estimation of tissue optical properties. The precision of tissue laser ablation, 14 coagulation, and cutting 15,16 strongly depends on spectral properties of tissues. Therefore, for all these applications, the knowledge of tissue optical properties is of great importance for interpretation and quantification of diagnostic data and for prediction of light and absorbed energy distribution for therapeutic and surgical use.…”