Modeling Operator Performance in Human-in-the-Loop Autonomous Systems

Muhammad, Shafi

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3098060

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…RPAS pilot-in-command (PiC) and Air Traffic Controller (ATCO) performance have been studied at various psychological, behavioural, and physical levels [1,2]. Additionally, some researchers have evaluated human factor system interfaces from RPASs and compared…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ATC Human Factors Involved in RPAS Contingency Management in Non-Segregated Airspace

et al. 2023

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Objectives: The overall approach towards Remotely Piloted Aerial System integration into a non-segregated airspace is that the unmanned vehicles should be able to fit into the current air traffic management system, thus meeting all the technical and regulatory requirements to be treated similar to any other airspace user. Such a requirement implies that unmanned aircraft operations should behave as close as possible to manned aviation or at least generate the most negligible possible negative impact on the system. From the air traffic management point of view, this implies that air traffic controllers should be capable of effectively handling different types of RPAS operating in a nominal state but also when suffering a potential contingency. This paper aims to analyse how air traffic controllers involved in managing unmanned aircraft integration into non-segregated airspace are impacted when an unmanned vehicle suffers a contingency. Participants: Six air traffic controllers were the test subjects, complemented by one RPAS pilot and several pseudo-pilots controlling the simulated manned traffic. The project collected real-time simulation data to develop specific indicators to determine how the controllers’ workload increases while managing complex traffic scenarios, including a single RPAS. Study Method: We conducted exhaustive traffic flight simulations, recreating complex airspace scenarios, including various RPAS types and mission-oriented trajectories. The involved RPAS were subjected to two of the most relevant contingencies: loss of the command-and-control link and engine failure. The experiments were evaluated in different operational scenarios, including using autonomous communication technologies to help air traffic controllers track the RPAS operation. Findings: The results indicate that the air traffic controller’s perception and workload are not affected beyond reason by the introduction of an unmanned aircraft as a new element into the non-segregated airspace, even when that aircraft suffers a contingency. The flight-intent technology increases situational awareness, leading to more efficient and safe airspace management. Additional simulations may need to be performed to evaluate the impact on airspace capacity, safety, and workload when various unmanned vehicles are simultaneously inserted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ATC Human Factors Involved in RPAS Contingency Management in Non-Segregated Airspace

et al. 2023

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“…In HITL systems with a focus on human-robot collaboration (HRC), the goal of research is to equip robots with intelligent human capabilities; however, robot automation to emulate human intelligence and flexibility is one of the most difficult unsolved robotics problems [3]. Therefore, considering the difficulty of emulating human intelligence in robots, providing flexibility and efficiency in HRC requires careful implementation of the physical embodiment of sensory and motor capabilities in robots, safety concepts, communication, collaborative task, and robot decision-making.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purposeful Communication in Human–Robot Collaboration: A Review of Modern Approaches in Manufacturing

2022

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The uncertainties arising from the imperfection of the shared understanding during humanrobot collaboration (HRC) is a critical challenge in developing real-world robots, which has attracted attention in various fields, especially in the manufacturing sector. Many research efforts have explored several key components and elements of HRC to reduce uncertainties. However, these efforts are mostly isolated from each other and few attempts have been made to develop generic frameworks to combine them for better HRC frameworks. This article contributes to this issue by reviewing the components of HRC research and developing a generic framework of purposeful communication to better arrive at a common view of uncertainties and collaboratively deal with those required by the tasks at hand holistically. The aspects of HRC components that can affect the shared understanding of humans and robots include the type of collaborative task, communication modalities, and decision-making of robots. After examining these aspects, we re-positioned the central problem to the cause of these uncertainties and proposed a new categorization of the available HRC scenarios considering communication channels, because communication strategies should be the main focus for reducing these uncertainties. This categorization will help to design better HRC frameworks that will lead to improving shared understanding and task performance, reducing uncertainties, and establishing trust, transparency, and safety. This paper proposes a comprehensive literature review and a new categorization of the currently used communication approaches by analyzing forty-nine selected articles from a wide range of articles in various databases.

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