Modeling Potential Autophagy Pathways in COVID-19 and Sarcoidosis

Calender, Alain; Israël‐Biet, Dominique; Valeyre, Dominique; Pachéco, Yves

doi:10.1016/j.it.2020.08.001

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Coronaviruses have adapted by producing many strategies to escape or to benefit via the inhibition and/or stimulation of autophagy [52 ]. SARS‐Cov‐2 most likely impacts autophagy by several mechanisms [52–55 ] including highjacking the autophagy machinery for their intracellular survival (canonical) [54 ] and expressing specific proteins to usurp components of the autophagy pathway and propagate in host cells (noncanonical) [52 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19: time for research to develop adaptation strategies

Bousquet

Cristol

Czarlewski³

et al. 2020

Clin Transl Allergy

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There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPARγ:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NFκB: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2α:Elongation initiation factor 2α). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT1R axis (AT1R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19: time for research to develop adaptation strategies

Bousquet

Cristol

Czarlewski³

et al. 2020

Clin Transl Allergy

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“…The mechanism of the immune response occurring in patients with active sarcoidosis and infection from SARS-CoV-2 is largely unknown, but it has been hypothesized that it could involve common cellular pathways such as those that have a crucial role in regulating the mechanism of authophagy. Host-pathogen interactions at different points of the viral life cycle seem to be important for explaining in part the heterogeneity of clinical pictures that characterize COVID-19 [ 30 ]. In sarcoidosis, the presence of a sustained stimulation of the host immune system from the antigen exposition (infectious and non-infectious) has been reported as one of the main mechanisms of formation and maintenance of sarcoid granulomas [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Hypothesis Of Common Pathways Of Pathogenesis and Mechanimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors have hypothesized that some constitutional defects of the regulation of macroautophagy in patients with sarcoidosis could predispose to more severe clinical pictures if they are infected from the novel SARS-CoV-2. Some viruses such as herpes and coronaviruses could indeed benefit from the dysregulation observed in sarcoidosis and bypass some autophagy steps [ 30 ]. Furthermore, the high affinity for the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2 protein, whose polymorphisms have been associated with different disease progression and severity in sarcoidosis, and the characteristic presence of typical lymphocytes reduction in both disorders, might be some of the mechanisms that could predispose to a high severity of the disease [ 30 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Hypothesis Of Common Pathways Of Pathogenesis and Mechanimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been long debated if the use of ACE inhibitors in COVID-19 patients or at risk of infection increases the risk of poor outcome, given the rationale that SARS-CoV-2 uses the ACE2 receptor to entry into target cells [ 35 ]. Recently, an increased risk of death associated with the use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in COVID-19 patients was not found [ 36 ], but the risk in patients having sarcoidosis too, due to the co-existing polymorphisms affecting the ACE2 system might be increased [ 30 ].…”

Section: Hypothesis Of Common Pathways Of Pathogenesis and Mechanimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The theory of a genetic predisposition to certain stages of severity in patients with sarcoidosis is interesting [ 37 ], but this hypothesis should be robustly investigated since there are no studies so far that have evaluated genetic patterns in patients having both active sarcoidosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 30 ].…”

Section: Hypothesis Of Common Pathways Of Pathogenesis and Mechanimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Chest Imaging of Patients with Sarcoidosis and SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Current Evidence and Clinical Perspectives

et al. 2021

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The recent COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed the world in the last months, leading to a serious global emergency related to a novel coronavirus infection that affects both sexes of all ages ubiquitously. Advanced age, cardiovascular comorbidity, and viral load have been hypothesized as some of the risk factors for severity, but their role in patients affected with other diseases, in particular immune disorders, such as sarcoidosis, and the specific interaction between these two diseases remains unclear. The two conditions might share similar imaging findings but have distinctive features that are here described. The recent development of complex imaging softwares, called deep learning techniques, opens new scenarios for the diagnosis and management.

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The therapeutic dilemma of immunosuppressive drugs for refractory cardiac sarcoidosis in COVID‐19 infection

et al. 2021

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Patients with refractory cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) take a high dose of corticosteroid and immunosuppressive agents. During the pandemic outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, appropriate treatment of corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents in CS patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is unknown. Here, the woman with refractory CS receiving maintenance therapy with 15 mg of prednisolone daily and 10 mg of methotrexate weekly was emergently admitted to our hospital because of COVID‐19. This case was successfully treated by the intravenous administration of dexamethasone 6 mg/day instead of prednisolone and interruption of methotrexate without resulting in recurrent life‐threatening ventricular lethal arrhythmias or obvious sarcoidosis flare‐ups. She started taking prednisolone and methotrexate at the maintenance dose immediately and at 2 weeks after discharge, respectively. Although the optimal regimen of immunosuppressive agents during COVID‐19 is under intense debate, this report might provide an effective treatment strategy for CS patients with COVID‐19.

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Modeling Potential Autophagy Pathways in COVID-19 and Sarcoidosis

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19: time for research to develop adaptation strategies

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19: time for research to develop adaptation strategies

Chest Imaging of Patients with Sarcoidosis and SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Current Evidence and Clinical Perspectives

The therapeutic dilemma of immunosuppressive drugs for refractory cardiac sarcoidosis in COVID‐19 infection

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