2019
DOI: 10.1029/2018jd029554
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Modeling the 1783–1784 Laki Eruption in Iceland: 2. Climate Impacts

Abstract: The Laki eruption in Iceland, which began in June 1783, was followed by many of the typical climate responses to volcanic eruptions: suppressed precipitation and drought, crop failure, and surface cooling. In contrast to the observed cooling in 1784–1786, the summer of 1783 was anomalously warm in Western Europe, with July temperatures reaching more than 3 K above the mean. However, the winter of 1783–1784 in Europe was as cold as 3 K below the mean. While climate models generally reproduce the surface cooling… Show more

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Cited by 45 publications
(68 citation statements)
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“…Starting in October and November, and reemerging in January 1784, the positive anomalies in the tropics are accompanied by negative zonal wind anomalies at midlatitudes, forming a dipole anomaly that suggests an equatorward shift of the NH subtropical jet stream that persists into April 1784. Pausata, Chafik, et al () and Pausata et al () found a positive anomaly in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in response to a Laki‐type eruption, and Zambri et al () found the same response in these simulations. In order to explore the relationship between the ENSO response and the equatorward shift of the subtropical jet, we performed a simple linear regression of the zonal wind anomalies onto the Niño 3.4 index.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 75%
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“…Starting in October and November, and reemerging in January 1784, the positive anomalies in the tropics are accompanied by negative zonal wind anomalies at midlatitudes, forming a dipole anomaly that suggests an equatorward shift of the NH subtropical jet stream that persists into April 1784. Pausata, Chafik, et al () and Pausata et al () found a positive anomaly in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in response to a Laki‐type eruption, and Zambri et al () found the same response in these simulations. In order to explore the relationship between the ENSO response and the equatorward shift of the subtropical jet, we performed a simple linear regression of the zonal wind anomalies onto the Niño 3.4 index.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 75%
“…5. The NAM response is longer lasting but more confined to the troposphere; this response is strongest in the boreal late winter/spring and is related to the ENSO forcing as well as pressure changes at the surface (Zambri et al, 2019). 6.…”
Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
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