Modeling the effects of temperature on the survival and growth of North Sea cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>) through the first year of life

Akimova, Anna; Hufnagl, Marc; Kreus, Markus; Peck, Myron A.

doi:10.1111/fog.12145

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Rapid growth may help individuals avoid predation through a number of mechanisms (e.g., “bigger‐is‐better”, stage‐duration) that cannot be untangled in this study. However, Sogard () did not find evidence for size‐selective mortality, possibly because the higher temperatures also lead to increased predator activity and consumption (e.g., Akimova, Hufnagl, Kreus, & Peck, ). One might also expect the offshore transport associated with cold, upwelled waters to advect sablefish larvae away from suitable settlement habitat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oceanographic drivers of sablefish recruitment in the California Current

Tolimieri

Haltuch

Lee

et al. 2018

Fisheries Oceanography

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Oceanographic processes and ecological interactions can strongly influence recruitment success in marine fishes. Here, we develop an environmental index of sablefish recruitment with the goal of elucidating recruitment‐environment relationships and informing stock assessment. We start with a conceptual life‐history model for sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria on the US west coast to generate stage‐ and spatio‐temporally‐specific hypotheses regarding the oceanographic and biological variables likely influencing sablefish recruitment. Our model includes seven stages from pre‐spawn female condition through benthic recruitment (age‐0 fish) for the northern portion of the west coast U.S. sablefish stock (40°N–50°N). We then fit linear models and use model comparison to select predictors. We use residuals from the stock‐recruitment relationship in the 2015 sablefish assessment as the dependent variable (thus removing the effect of spawning stock biomass). Predictor variables were drawn primarily from ROMS model outputs for the California Current Ecosystem. We also include indices of prey and predator abundance and freshwater input. Five variables explained 57% of the variation in recruitment not accounted for by the stock‐recruitment relationship in the sablefish assessment. Recruitment deviations were positively correlated with (i) colder conditions during the spawner preconditioning period, (ii) warmer water temperatures during the egg stage, (iii) stronger cross‐shelf transport to near‐shore nursery habitats during the egg stage, (iv) stronger long‐shore transport to the north during the yolk‐sac stage, and (v) cold surface water temperatures during the larval stage. This result suggests that multiple mechanisms likely affect sablefish recruitment at different points in their life history.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oceanographic drivers of sablefish recruitment in the California Current

Tolimieri

Haltuch

Lee

et al. 2018

Fisheries Oceanography

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“…The predation on herring eggs is probably lower during earlier periods of the spawning season, where spawn concentrations are usually higher, the abundance of predators is relatively low (Kotterba et al ) and predator appetites are lower due to relatively cold water temperatures (e.g., see Akimova et al ). Our experiment was run during the second half of the herring spawning season when predators were likely more active.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation on Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) eggs by the resident predator community in coastal transitional waters

Kotterba

Moll²,

Hammer

et al. 2017

Limnology & Oceanography

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Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) migrates from offshore to coastal areas to spawn and their eggs and larvae may substantially increase prey resources for resident predators. We combined an in situ predator exclusion experiment using eggs naturally spawned on submerged aquatic vegetation and field observations of predator abundance to estimate the magnitude of predation mortality of herring eggs. During our predator exclusion experiment, performed in an important spawning ground in the southwest Baltic Sea, 20% of the herring eggs were consumed resulting in an extrapolated predation of 42% of all eggs between spawning and hatch. Abundance and stomach content analyses indicated that one predator (threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus) was responsible for the majority of the predation impact. Predation mortality estimates from this in situ study were more than 10-fold higher than those of an empirical egg predation model for the same predator in the same region. Our findings highlight the potential of resident predators to regulate the survival of early life stages of ocean-going fishes that rely on the nursery functions of inshore transitional waters.

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“…This might be due to the limited outflow and high retention in the South population. The observed effect of SST on recruitment could therefore be due to other mechanisms: for example food availability (Nicolas et al., 2014), physiological constraints (Butzin & Pörtner, 2016;Nunez‐Riboni, Taylor, Kempf, Pu, & Mathis, 2019) and predation by warm‐water predators (Akimova, Hufnagl, et al, 2016). For the Viking population, our results suggest that SST could influence recruitment through drift both positively and negatively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the simulation, eggs were subject to a fixed daily mortality rate ( m ) of 0.2, which is within the range of mean values estimated in studies of cod eggs (0.1–0.32, Rijnsdorp & Jaworski, 1990; see Table 2 in Langangen, Stige, Yaragina, Vikebø, et al, 2014). For larvae, we set the mortality rate to decrease with weight (Figure 2e) as parameterised for North Sea cod larvae in Akimova, Hufnagl, Kreus, and Peck (2016), based on the size‐spectrum theory (Peterson & Wroblewski, 1984):

m = 0.06 \times W^{- 0.4}

The survival probability of each individual was updated throughout the simulation according to the mortality rate (i.e. individuals were not removed from the simulation), following a super‐individual approach (Scheffer, Baveco, DeAngelis, Rose, & van Nes, 1995).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of larval transport and temperature on recruitment dynamics of North Sea cod (Gadus morhua) across spatial scales of observation

Romagnoni

Kvile

Dagestad

et al. 2020

Fisheries Oceanography

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The survival of fish eggs and larvae, and therefore recruitment success, can be critically affected by transport in ocean currents. Combining a model of early‐life stage dispersal with statistical stock–recruitment models, we investigated the role of larval transport for recruitment variability across spatial scales for the population complex of North Sea cod (Gadus morhua). By using a coupled physical–biological model, we estimated the egg and larval transport over a 44‐year period. The oceanographic component of the model, capable of capturing the interannual variability of temperature and ocean current patterns, was coupled to the biological component, an individual‐based model (IBM) that simulated the cod eggs and larvae development and mortality. This study proposes a novel method to account for larval transport and success in stock–recruitment models: weighting the spawning stock biomass by retention rate and, in the case of multiple populations, their connectivity. Our method provides an estimate of the stock biomass contributing to recruitment and the effect of larval transport on recruitment variability. Our results indicate an effect, albeit small, in some populations at the local level. Including transport anomaly as an environmental covariate in traditional stock–recruitment models in turn captures recruitment variability at larger scales. Our study aims to quantify the role of larval transport for recruitment across spatial scales, and disentangle the roles of temperature and larval transport on effective connectivity between populations, thus informing about the potential impacts of climate change on the cod population structure in the North Sea.

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Modeling the effects of temperature on the survival and growth of North Sea cod (Gadus morhua) through the first year of life

Cited by 19 publications

References 81 publications

Oceanographic drivers of sablefish recruitment in the California Current

Oceanographic drivers of sablefish recruitment in the California Current

Predation on Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) eggs by the resident predator community in coastal transitional waters

Influence of larval transport and temperature on recruitment dynamics of North Sea cod (Gadus morhua) across spatial scales of observation

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