Modeling the energy and cost impacts of excess static pressure in central forced-air heating and air-conditioning systems in single-family residences in the U.S.

Fazli, Torkan; Yeap, Rou Yi; Stephens, Brent

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.08.026

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…There was no measurable filter bypass. The air handler fan has a permanent split capacitor (PSC) motor, which operates at constant fan speed and generally responds to higher system pressures by delivering reduced airflow rates (unlike variable speed electronically commutated or brushless permanent magnet motors) . PSC motors are still widely used in US residential systems, although market share has decreased in recent years .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine and ultrafine particle removal efficiency of new residential HVAC filters

2019

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Particle air filters used in central residential forced‐air systems are most commonly evaluated for their size‐resolved removal efficiency for particles 0.3‐10 µm using laboratory tests. Little information exists on the removal efficiency of commercially available residential filters for particles smaller than 0.3 µm or for integral measures of mass‐based aerosol concentrations (eg, PM2.5) or total number concentrations (eg, ultrafine particles, or UFPs) that are commonly used in regulatory monitoring and building measurements. Here, we measure the size‐resolved removal efficiency of 50 new commercially available residential HVAC filters installed in a recirculating central air‐handling unit in an unoccupied apartment unit using alternating upstream/downstream measurements with incense and NaCl as particle sources. Size‐resolved removal efficiencies are then used to estimate integral measures of PM2.5 and total UFP removal efficiency for the filters assuming they are challenged by 201 residential indoor particle size distributions (PSDs) gathered from the literature. Total UFP and PM2.5 removal efficiencies generally increased with manufacturer‐reported filter ratings and with filter thickness, albeit with numerous exceptions. PM2.5 removal efficiencies were more influenced by the assumption for indoor PSD than total UFP removal efficiencies. Filters with the same ratings but from different manufacturers often had different removal efficiencies for PM2.5 and total UFPs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine and ultrafine particle removal efficiency of new residential HVAC filters

2019

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“…Acknowledging the fact that system energy use is caused by many factors, some studies such as those performed by , Nassif (2012), and Walker et al (2013) have suggested that the impact of increasing MERV on system energy performance is negligible. However, other studies, such as Zaatari et al (2014) and Fazli et al (2015), have suggested that increasing MERV will increase system energy use because of increased system runtime and, potentially, because of reduced cooling efficiency at lower flow. These variations in the impact of replacing lower efficiency filters with higher efficiency ones on system energy use are challenging because of simultaneous impacts of many parameters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…System initial operating pressure also has some influence on energy penalties associated with higher efficiency filters. In their modeling analysis, Fazli et al (2015) showed that the higher initial operating pressure of low-efficiency filters would lead to higher energy penalties when they are replaced with higher efficiency filters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IAQ and energy implications of high efficiency filters in residential buildings: A review (RP-1649)

Alavy

Siegel

2019

Science and Technology for the Built Environment

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Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) in residential buildings can cause adverse health risks for building occupants. One approach to mitigate this exposure is the use of filters in HVAC systems. In this article, we present an integrated picture of the overall performance of higher efficiency residential filters by assessing the impacts of their use in residences that incorporate a forced air recirculating HVAC system. We answer two major research questions in this article: (1) What is the effectiveness of higher efficiency filters in reducing residential PM concentrations? (2) What is the impact of higher efficiency filters on system energy use? The results show that a high efficiency filter can be effective in reducing indoor PM concentrations if HVAC system runtime (the fraction of time an HVAC system operates) is high and if particle removal by the filter is greater than deposition and ventilation losses. In addition, higher efficiency filters generally only slightly change system energy use. Cost-benefit analyses of filters in residences show that increasing filter efficiency may not be as fruitful compared to doing so in commercial buildings due to operational differences of residential systems. Overall results suggest caution when assuming that higher efficiency filters perform better in residences when compared to lower efficiency filters.

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“…Considering the load model, the major loads that consume most of the percentage of total power in a facility are based on motors e.g., cooling, refrigeration, cleaning, etc. [30]- [33] Incorporating the current scenario; the shift of trend towards VSD and the futuristic replacement of induction motor based appliances by BLDC motors; the load model is broadly classified into three portions:…”

Section: An Approach To a Definite Ac DC Distribution Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

AC vs DC Distribution Efficiency: Are we on the Right Path?

Gelani

Dastgeer

Nasir³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The concept of DC power distribution has gained interest within the research community in the past years; especially due to rapid prevalence of solar PVs as a tool for distributed generation in DC microgrids. Various efficiency analyses have been presented for the DC distribution paradigm, in comparison to the AC counterpart, considering a variety of scenarios. However, even after a number of such comparative efficiency studies, there seems to be a disparity in the results of research efforts - wherein a definite verdict is still unavailable: 'Is DC distribution a more efficient choice as compared to the conventional AC system?' A final verdict is absent primarily due to conflicting results. In this regard, system modeling and the assumptions made in different studies play a significant role in affecting the results of the study. The current paper is an attempt to critically observe the modeling and assumptions used in the efficiency studies related to the DC distribution system. Several research efforts will be analyzed for their approach towards the system upon which they have performed efficiency studies. Subsequently, the paper aims to propose a model that may alleviate the shortcomings in earlier research efforts and be able to give a definite verdict regarding the comparative efficiency of DC and AC networks for residential power distribution.

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Modeling the energy and cost impacts of excess static pressure in central forced-air heating and air-conditioning systems in single-family residences in the U.S.

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Fine and ultrafine particle removal efficiency of new residential HVAC filters

Fine and ultrafine particle removal efficiency of new residential HVAC filters

IAQ and energy implications of high efficiency filters in residential buildings: A review (RP-1649)

AC vs DC Distribution Efficiency: Are we on the Right Path?

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