Modeling the Impact of Climate and Non-Climatic Factors on Cereal Production: Evidence from Indian Agriculture

Abstract

The underpinned study examines the effects of climatic and non-climatic factors on Indian agriculture, cereal production, and yield using the country-level time series data of 1965–2015. With the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, the long-term equilibrium association among the variables has been explored. The results reveal that climatic factors like CO2 emissions and temperature adversely affect agricultural output, while rainfall positively affects it. Likewise, non-climatic factors, including energy used, financial development, and labor force, affect agricultural production positively in the long run. The estimated long-run results further demonstrate that CO2 emissions and rainfall positively affect both cereal production and yield, while temperature adversely affects. The results exhibit that the cereal cropped area, energy used, financial development, and labor force significantly and positively impact the long-run cereal production and yield. Finally, pairwise granger causality test confirmed that both climatic and non-climatc factors are significantly influencing agriculture and cereal production in India. Based on these results, policymakers and governmental institutions should formulate coherent adaptation measures and mitigation policies to tackle the adverse climate change effects on agriculture and its production of cereals.

Towards sustainable energy: Factors affecting solar power system adoption by small and medium-sized businesses

“…With this cause, various economies have generated positive anticipations for the success of the renewable energy sector (Ahmad et al, 2021c;Işık et al, 2022). The ever-increasing demand for power generation in its history is also one of the deciding relics for an economy to manage a stable prospect (Chandio et al, 2021;Ahmad and Wu, 2022a). The world's power demand is anticipated to grow to 29 per cent in the sky between 2018 and 2040.…”