Modeling the nonideal mixing behavior in a continuous-stirred crystallizer

Shiau, Lie‐Ding; Lu, Tsan-Sheng

doi:10.1016/j.compchemeng.2005.12.019

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Mixing effects in continuous crystallization [15] as well as batch cooling crystallization [16] were investigated. Two parameter models were proposed to predict non-ideal mixing in mixed-suspension, mixed product-removal crystallizers [17]. In this research, non-ideal behavior is evaluated in terms of residence time distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale‐Up of a Crystallizer for Production of Nano‐Sized Energetic Materials

Jung

Park

Lee³

et al. 2016

Chem Eng & Technol

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The outstanding sensitivity of high-energetic materials such as cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) and octahydro-1, 3,5,3,5, has prompted efforts by researchers in the production of less sensitive explosives by crystallization without compromising performance. One such endeavor is crystal-size reduction to nano-scales. The optimum operating conditions for producing nano-sized RDX were experimentally determined. Based on these results, computational fluid dynamics modeling and simulations were executed for scaleup purposes and identification of the influence of fluid dynamics, mixing, and heat transfer on crystal growth and production rate on commercial scales. As a result, a commercial plant was designed and operation data from the commercial crystallizers were compared with data obtained from scale-up tasks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale‐Up of a Crystallizer for Production of Nano‐Sized Energetic Materials

Jung

Park

Lee³

et al. 2016

Chem Eng & Technol

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Area method analysis and thermodynamic behavior of nonmetallic micro-inclusions in casting slab of GCr15 bearing steel

Wang

Shuo-ming³

2009

Trans. Tianjin Univ.

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Abstract：The distribution and characteristics of nonmetallic micro-inclusions of GCr15 bearing steel were explored through metallographic area method in virtue of tracer method and electronic microscope. The results show that the micro-inclusions, of which the average value is 0.032%, are mainly the compounds formed via the adsorption/aggregation of multielement deoxidized compounds and secondarily deoxidized products on tundish liquid level. The micro-inclusions of diameters from 0 to 5 μm are 92.5% in total, which basically determines the characteristics of inclusions distribution in casting slab. The inclusions of diameters more than 10 μm only account for less than 1% in total, which have little influence on steel quality. The relationship between equilibrium compositions of the first deoxidation products and molten steel compositions was also calculated based on thermodynamic theory. Keywords：nonmetallic micro-inclusions; GCr15; area method; tracer method; chemical equilibrium With rapid development of industry in China, the steel demand is becoming bigger and the quality requirement is getting higher. The mechanical characteristics [1] , especially the fatigue resistance performance [2][3][4] , of GCr15 bearing steel are affected mostly by the type, quantity, dimension and distribution of nonmetallic micro-inclusions [5] . In general, the nonmetallic microinclusions are analyzed using linear statistic method which needs tremendous calculations and complex conversion process of equivalent diameter [6] . Oppositely, the metallographic area method [7] to calculate the ratio of unit equivalent area to total surface area, is simple, visual and highly accurate [8] .Therefore, this paper adopts the metallographic area method to study the nonmetallic micro-inclusions in GCr15 bearing steel. At the same time, since the composition of nonmetallic micro-inclusions is directly affected by the chemical equilibrium formats [9] between molten steel and deoxidization products, the chemical equilibrium formats are also analyzed based on thermodynamic theory [10] . It provides a theoretical reference for removing inclusions to improve the quality of converter bearing steel.

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Modeling the nonideal mixing behavior in a continuous-stirred crystallizer

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Scale‐Up of a Crystallizer for Production of Nano‐Sized Energetic Materials

Scale‐Up of a Crystallizer for Production of Nano‐Sized Energetic Materials

Area method analysis and thermodynamic behavior of nonmetallic micro-inclusions in casting slab of GCr15 bearing steel

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