Modeling the optimal mitigation of potential impact of climate change on coastal ecosystems

Abstract

Global warming is adversely affecting the earth's climate system due to rapid emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Consequently, the world's coastal ecosystems are rapidly approaching a dangerous situation. In this study, we formulate a mathematical model to assess the impact of rapid emissions of GHGs on climate change and coastal ecosystems. Furthermore, we develop a mitigation method involving two control strategies: coastal greenbelt and desulfurization. Here, greenbelt is considered in coastal areas to reduce the concentrations of GHGs by absorbing the environmental carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), whereas desulfurization is considered in factories and industries to reduce GHG emissions by controlling the release of harmful sulfur compounds. The model and how it can control the situation are analytically verified. Numerical results of this study are confirmed by comparison with other studies that examine different scenarios. Results show that both control strategies can mitigate GHG concentrations, curtail global warming and to some extent manage climate change. The results further reveal that both control strategies are more effective than one control method. Overall, the results suggest that the concentrations of GHGs and the effects of climate change can be controlled by adopting sufficient coastal greenbelt and desulfurization techniques in various industries.

Dynamic analysis and control of a rice-pest system under transcritical bifurcations

“…To estimate the necessary conditions for the optimality of an optimal control problem (29), Pontryagin's maximum principle has been imposed in terms of the Hamiltonian H(t) defined as [66] 2 1 ( , , , ) (…”

“…To estimate the necessary conditions for the optimality of an optimal control problem (29), Pontryagin’s maximum principle has been imposed in terms of the Hamiltonian H(t) defined as [66] where λ 1 , i = 1, 2 is the co-state variable which satisfies the following adjoint equations , and as well as the transversality conditions λ 1 ( T ) = 0 and λ 2 ( T ) = 0.…”