Modeling the Overdispersion of Pasteuria penetrans Endospores

Abstract

This paper discusses a process of developing the data analysis and modeling of Pasteuria penetrans spore attachment in vitro and in planta, based on the observation that the number of spores attaching to juveniles within a given time increased by increasing the time of exposure to spores and the spores dose. Based on this, the P. penetrans spore attachment in vitro was modeled using the negative binomial distribution which permits decomposing the observation’s variability into three components: randomness, internal differences between individuals, and the presence of other external factors, e.g., the soil type. Additionally, we developed case-detection methods to explain P. penetrans spores’ attachment variability. The statistical methods developed in this paper show that a nematodes invasion is significant limited when second stage juveniles (J2s) are encumbered with seven P. penetrans spores. This research study concludes that the number of spores attached in J2s, the time of exposure of J2s to P. penetrans spores, and the soil texture are important factors affecting the invasion of root-knot nematodes in tomato plants.

Conservation Agriculture and Soil Health: A Bibliographic Analysis and a Citation Mapping Process of the Effects of Wheat Straw on Soil

“…Soil is a dynamic and complex system that undergoes constant changes due to both non-living and living factors in the environment. Soil health refers to the soil's ability to sustain the activities of various microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, plants, and animals [28][29][30][31][32]. It also involves the soil's capacity to interact with the non-living components of the environment, facilitating the exchange of matter and energy [33][34][35][36].…”