“…While AIS data quality has been mediocre in its early implementation years (Graveson, 2004), the quality has improved significantly in recent years (Felski and Jaskolski, 2013;Felski et al, 2015), and further improvements are possible with proper antenna installation (Last et al, 2015). AIS data has been used for diverse purposes such as studying collision avoidance manoeuvers (Mou et al, 2010), delineating empirical ship domains (Hansen et al, 2013;Krzysztof and Gucma, 2012), studying navigational traffic patterns (Xiao et al, 2015), accident investigation , many maritime risk analysis methods Özbaş, 2013;Goerlandt and Montewka, 2015b;Mazaheri et al, 2014;Gucma et al, 2012) and models predicting ship performance in ice .…”