Modeling Zinc Electrowinning for Current Efficiency Prediction Based on Nernst-Plank Equation and Electrode Gas Evolution Reaction Kinetics

Zhang, Zongliang; Werner, Joshua; Free, Michael L.

doi:10.1149/2.0321815jes

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In the case of the vertical anode, there is a replacement of the bubble volume by bath coming from the side and from below, illustrated in Figure 7(a). Zhang et al [24] established a Zn electrowinning model based on the Nernst-Plank equation and electrode gas evolution reaction kinetics. This model-calculated fluid flow field is comparable to the vertical anode in the present work.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bubble Evolution on Different Carbon Anode Designs in Cryolite Melt

Stanic

Jevremović

Martínez

et al. 2020

Metall Mater Trans B

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The anode potential has been shown to be highly dependent on anode geometry and orientation in the Hall-He´roult process. This work is an experimental laboratory scale study of the effect of anode geometry and orientation on bubble formation and detachment for four different anode designs: horizontal (surface facing downwards), inverted horizontal (surface facing upwards), vertical, rod (with both vertical and horizontal surface). From polarization curves, it was found that the vertical anode and the inverted horizontal anode operated at lowest potentials. Above 1 A cm À2 , the vertical anode showed the lowest potential. As the current increases, the transition towards smaller noise is pronounced for the horizontal anode and to some degree for the vertical anode and inverted horizontal anode. Fast Fourier Transform analysis of chronoamperometric data gave a dominant frequency only for the horizontal anode and the rod anode. The bubble release time corresponded well with the dominant frequency for the rod anode for all current densities and for the horizontal anode at lower current densities. Only random bubble noise was found for the vertical and the inverted horizontal anode and is probably due to a bubble-induced convection effectively removing the bubbles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bubble Evolution on Different Carbon Anode Designs in Cryolite Melt

Stanic

Jevremović

Martínez

et al. 2020

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…Similar electrochemical-Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) models have been developed by the authors and applied to the modeling and simulation of Cu and Zn electrowinning processes. [10][11][12] To apply this into the Ni electrowinning process, the biggest challenges are to include the electrode diaphragms and to consider the competing electrode reaction kinetics of nickel and hydrogen on the cathode surface. In this study, a fluid flow, physics, and electrochemistry integrated multi-physics model of the Ni electrowinning process was established with COMSOL Multiphysics software.…”

Section: Cathodementioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Nickel Electrowinning with Electrode Diaphragms Based on Nernst-Plank Equation and a Volume Force Form of Darcy's Law

Zhang¹,

Werner²,

Free³

2019

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The Ni electrowinning process with electrode diaphragms was simulated with an Electrochemical-Computational Fluid Dynamic model by considering a two-phase flow, mass transport, and electrochemical reactions. The effects of electrode diaphragms on the fluid flow, concentration, voltage drop, and current distribution were analyzed based on the simulation results. Results show that the electrode diaphragms have significant effects on the fluid flow and voltage drop in the electrolyte. The electrode diaphragms greatly reduced the strong convective flow caused by rising bubbles in the cell, and thus reduce the transport of H + (generated at the anode) to the cathode. Based on this model, the effects of different operating parameters on the electrolyte potential and cathode current distribution have been analyzed. The results show that the cell temperature of 60°C, Ni concentration of 80 g/L, and a relatively low current density are the most favorable compared with other settings in the simulation for decreasing the electrolyte voltage drop and reducing the roughness of the deposition.

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“…1 Among the various parameters of such processes, the diffusion behavior of metal ions is of paramount importance for optimizing the process efficiency and designing the effective electrode configurations. [1][2][3] Hence, it is critical to accurately estimate the diffusion coefficient (D) of metal ions in the electrolyte.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Diffusion Coefficient in Electrodeposition Reactions by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy: A Case Study of Cobalt in Molten LiCl-KCl Salt

Cha,

Park,

Yun

2024

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Compared to direct current (DC) techniques, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) allows for a more accurate determination of the diffusion coefficient of metal ions in electrodeposition reactions. However, its actual application has been less attempted due to the difficulty in determining complex parameters, such as the concentration of deposited species in the electrode matrix. Here, we introduce a simplified approach to facilitate the EIS application to electrodeposition reactions, using the Co(II)/Co(0) reaction in molten LiCl-KCl salt as a case study. The working electrode surface area was determined by the photography of the electrochemical cell taken in situ. The diffusion coefficients of Co(II) in the LiCl-KCl salt, determined by EIS, were found to be (3.56±0.49)×10-5 cm2/s and (1.61±0.12)×10-5 cm2/s for the tungsten and liquid bismuth electrodes, respectively. The possible reasons for the observed discrepancy in the diffusion coefficients of Co(II) obtained from the two different electrodes are discussed.

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Modeling Zinc Electrowinning for Current Efficiency Prediction Based on Nernst-Plank Equation and Electrode Gas Evolution Reaction Kinetics

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Bubble Evolution on Different Carbon Anode Designs in Cryolite Melt

Bubble Evolution on Different Carbon Anode Designs in Cryolite Melt

Modeling Nickel Electrowinning with Electrode Diaphragms Based on Nernst-Plank Equation and a Volume Force Form of Darcy's Law

Determination of the Diffusion Coefficient in Electrodeposition Reactions by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy: A Case Study of Cobalt in Molten LiCl-KCl Salt

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