Modelling and Design of Real-Time Energy Management Systems for Fuel Cell/Battery Electric Vehicles

Abstract

Modelling and design of real-time energy management systems for optimising the operating costs of a fuel cell/battery electric vehicle are presented in this paper. The proposed energy management system consists of optimally sharing the propulsion power demand between the fuel cell and battery by enabling them to support each other for operating cost minimisation. The optimisation is achieved through real-time minimisation of a cost function, which accounts for fuel cell and battery degradation, hydrogen consumption and charge sustaining costs. A detailed analysis of each term of the overall cost function is performed and presented, which enables the development of a real-time, advanced energy management system for improving a previously presented simplified version using more accurate modelling and by considering cost function minimisation over a given time horizon. The performance of the proposed advanced energy management system are verified through numerical simulations over different driving cycles; particularly, simulations were performed in MATLAB-Simulink by considering a hysteresis-based energy management system and both simplified and advanced versions of the proposed energy management system for comparison.

Impact of Energy Storage Useful Life on Intelligent Microgrid Scheduling

“…For the analysis of the costs associated with electric vehicles, this study considers a certain number of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) that are grouped in aggregators [23,33,34]. These aggregators are defined as a place that groups an amount of electric vehicles, which supplies PEVs charging when is more appropriate in economic terms, as reference [23,33,34] presents. Each one of the aggregators is associated with the power values and the amount of kilometers that the vehicles, which depend on the aggregator, can travel.…”

“…All this information regarding the function that models the operation cost and the vehicles charging, beside their limits and approach, was adapted from [23,33,34]. The first process that the aggregators do is to calculate the maximum energy dispatch for an electric vehicle to see if its operation and charge are feasible.…”

Research on Optimal Torque Control of Turning Energy Consumption for EVs with Motorized Wheels

“…The calculation and analysis of energy consumption affect the energy flow of cornering vehicles [13,14]. It also led to more accuracy regarding the energy expenditure estimation and energy consumption prediction of EVs [15,16] and then improved the energy management strategy [17].…”

Study of a Bidirectional Power Converter Integrated with Battery/Ultracapacitor Dual-Energy Storage

“…Electric vehicle (EV) technologies are currently being developed to lessen environmental impact and overcome shortages of fossil fuel [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The typical power configuration of pure electric vehicle (EV) contains four major parts: the battery energy storage (BES), the power converter, the driving inverter of motor, and the energy management system (EMS) [6,8,10]. Among them, BES is the most critical component, which can directly affect the life and endurance of the EV, driving efficiency, and system performance.…”