Modelling and simulation of spatially varying earthquake ground motions at sites with varying conditions

Bi, Kaiming; Hao, Hong

doi:10.1016/j.probengmech.2011.09.002

Cited by 175 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Since the random excitation of earthquakes is transient, the nonstationary characteristics of random excitation should be considered. Using the evolutionary theory of power spectrum density [15], the nonstationary random process can usually be written as the product of a stationary random process and a deterministic slowly varying modulation function…”

Section: Earthquake Excitation In the Time Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In engineering practice [15], the design target response spectrum at a given site is more commonly available than the ground motion power spectrum density function. Therefore, it will be very useful to generate time histories of ground motion that are compatible to a given design target response spectrum.…”

Section: Earthquake Excitation In the Time Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, a conversion formula is needed to obtain the corresponding ground motion power spectrum ( ). For a given design target acceleration response spectrum ( ), the corresponding ground motion power spectrum ( ) can be estimated by [15] …”

Section: Earthquake Excitation In the Time Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Response Analysis of Cable of Submerged Floating Tunnel under Hydrodynamic Force and Earthquake

Mei

2017

Shock and Vibration

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A simplified analysis model of cable for submerged floating tunnel subjected to parametrically excited vibrations in the ocean environment is proposed in this investigation. The equation of motion of the cable is obtained by a mathematical method utilizing the Euler beam theory and the Galerkin method. The hydrodynamic force induced by earthquake excitations is formulated to simulate real seaquake conditions. The random earthquake excitation in the time domain is formulated by the stochastic phase spectrum method. An analytical model for analyzing the cable for submerged floating tunnel subjected to combined hydrodynamic forces and earthquake excitations is then developed. The sensitivity of key parameters including the hydrodynamic, earthquake, and structural parameters on the dynamic response of the cable is investigated and discussed. The present model enables a preliminary examination of the hydrodynamic and seismic behavior of cable for submerged floating tunnel and can provide valuable recommendations for use in design and operation of anchor systems for submerged floating tunnel.

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Section: Earthquake Excitation In the Time Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Earthquake Excitation In the Time Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Response Analysis of Cable of Submerged Floating Tunnel under Hydrodynamic Force and Earthquake

Mei

2017

Shock and Vibration

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“…Bi and Hao [10] proposed a simple method to model spatially varying ground motions on the surface of non-uniform site conditions. This method takes the local site effect on motion amplification and spatial variation into consideration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of seawater layer on cable-stayed bridge under tri-direction spatial varying ground motions

Shi¹,

Pan²,

Fan³

2018

J. vibroeng.

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Abstract. In recently years, many sea-crossing bridges were built in some countries. For the complexity of seafloor condition and the stochastic characteristics of earthquakes, it is necessary to research the seismic responses of these sea-crossing bridges located on seawater layer and irregular bottom conditions. In this paper, a theory of the spatial varying ground motions was derived considering the wave propagation in soil and water. The effects of sea water layer, wave passage, coherence, local site and soil saturation on the seismic responses of a cable-stayed bridge were researched. The transfer function was used to calculate the local site effect and soil saturation effect. The seawater layer effect was studied via a simple medal from Crouse and Quilter. Multi-support and tri-direction excitations were utilized with large mass method. The seismic responses of a long span cable-stay bridge in the site conditions with and without seawater were compared. The results present that the seawater layer affects the earthquake response of bridge greatly, and the soil types have different effects on the different component of bridge. The research will help reasonably evaluate the security of sea-crossing bridge under earthquake excitation.

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“…Based on the SMART-1 recordings, Hao et al (1989) proposed an empirical coherency loss function, which was recently improved by Bi and Hao (2012) to incorporate the capability of simulating spatially varying ground motions, which are design spectrum compatible. Discussion of the validity and limitations of some spatial coherency models was presented in the study of Zerva and Zervas (2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Tests on Total Gap of Modular Expansion Joints to Avoid Bridge Pounding

Chouw

2016

Front. Built Environ.

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Modular expansion joints (MEJs) are used for accommodating large relative displacements of adjacent bridge segments and for completely eliminating pounding. However, the minimum total gap that an MEJ needs to avoid pounding is not well investigated. To provide guidance for the seismic gap of MEJs, the maximum relative displacement of adjacent bridge segments subject to strong earthquakes was studied experimentally. To date, no experimental investigation of excitation spatial variation effect on bridge on natural soil has been reported. This research addressed a bridge with three identical segments of 100 m. A 1:22 scale bridge model founded on compacted beach sand was tested using electromagnetic inertial exciters. Different ground motions were applied to the model to simulate the effect of spatially varying ground motions. Soil-structure interaction (SSI) was studied by comparing the minimum total gaps with those obtained from the fixed-based experiments in the laboratory. The spatially varying ground motions were simulated based on the New Zealand design spectra for soft soil, shallow soil, and strong rock conditions using an empirical coherency loss function. SSI was found to reduce the minimum total gap of an MEJ needed to avoid pounding between adjacent segments. Under spatially varying ground motions designing adjacent bridge segments with identical or similar fundamental frequencies is still recommended even if it does not necessarily preclude an out-of-phase movement of adjacent structures.

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Modelling and simulation of spatially varying earthquake ground motions at sites with varying conditions

Cited by 175 publications

References 20 publications

Dynamic Response Analysis of Cable of Submerged Floating Tunnel under Hydrodynamic Force and Earthquake

Dynamic Response Analysis of Cable of Submerged Floating Tunnel under Hydrodynamic Force and Earthquake

The effect of seawater layer on cable-stayed bridge under tri-direction spatial varying ground motions

Field Tests on Total Gap of Modular Expansion Joints to Avoid Bridge Pounding

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