Modelling bilingual lexical processing: A research agenda and desiderabilia

Dijkstra, A.F.J.; Wahl, Alexander; Buytenhuijs, F.; Halem, N. van; Al-jibouri, Z.S.H.; Korte, M. de; Rekké, S.T.

doi:10.1017/s1366728918000986

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…When the next word is Spanish, it will take a while before the Spanish word becomes activated, leading to a "switch cost" (Chauncey et al, 2008). Task/decision processes operate on the activation in the lexicon, but do not change it (Dijkstra et al, 2019a). If the non-linguistic context, in our case, the perceived language knowledge of a partner, mainly affects the task/decision system, one would expect that activation in the lexicon will not be affected by what one assumes about the other's language background.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing Code-Switches in the Presence of Others: An ERP Study

et al. 2020

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Code-switching is highly socially constrained. For instance, code-switching is only felicitous when those present are fluent in both languages. This means that bilinguals need to dynamically adjust their language control and expectation of code-switching to the current social situation or context. The aim of the present EEG study was to investigate how and when language control in the comprehension of code-switches is affected by the assumed language knowledge of others in the context. Spanish-English bilinguals read sentences with and without code-switches together with another Spanish-English bilingual or with an English monolingual. Switches elicited an early fronto-central positivity. This effect was smaller overall when a bilingual was present at the start of the study. In addition, the late positive complex found for switches was smaller when a bilingual was present rather than a monolingual, but only for those participants who were sensitive to the other's language knowledge in their off-line judgments. These findings suggest that the bilinguals in our study expected and activated both languages when initially paired with a bilingual and that they more easily accommodated code-switches, in the presence of a bilingual than in the presence of a monolingual. Our findings support the view that language control can be modulated by the perceived language knowledge of others present, and are compatible with a dynamic control model of bilingual language comprehension.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing Code-Switches in the Presence of Others: An ERP Study

et al. 2020

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“…Indeed, researchers highlight the importance of lateral inhibition in explaining some empirical studies (Declerck, Meade, & Grainger, 2019; van Heuven & Wen, 2018), while it is potentially problematic in explaining others (Ivanova & Kleinman, 2018), such as facilitatory interlingual homophone effects in lexical decision (e.g., Haigh & Jared, 2007), facilitatory cross-language phonological priming effects (e.g., Ando, Jared, Nakayama, & Hino, 2014; Ando, Matsuki, Sheridan, & Jared, 2015), and facilitatory effects of translation-equivalent distractors in picture-word interference studies (Costa, Miozzo, & Caramazza, 1999). Dijkstra et al (2019b) note that it needs to be determined at which levels inhibitory mechanisms should be modeled and, in particular, whether lateral inhibition should be implemented at the semantic level. The homophone effect itself suggests that multiple semantic representations are active, which means that they could potentially compete for selection during sentence processing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, as models like Multilink become better specified, enabling a model to interact bidirectionally across languages at the levels of orthography and phonology will be necessary. Second, it is unclear how (or whether) lateral inhibition among representations should be implemented (Dijkstra et al, 2019b). Indeed, researchers highlight the importance of lateral inhibition in explaining some empirical studies (Declerck, Meade, & Grainger, 2019;van Heuven & Wen, 2018), while it is potentially problematic in explaining others (Ivanova & Kleinman, 2018), such as facilitatory interlingual homophone effects in lexical decision (e.g., Haigh & Jared, 2007), facilitatory cross-language phonological priming effects (e.g., Ando, Jared, Nakayama, & Hino, 2014;Ando, Matsuki, Sheridan, & Jared, 2015), and facilitatory effects of translation-equivalent distractors in picture-word interference studies (Costa, Miozzo, & Caramazza, 1999).…”

Section: Theoretical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early activation of cross-language meaning from phonology during sentence processing.

Friesen¹,

Ward²,

Bohnet³

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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The current study investigated whether shared phonology across languages activates cross-language meaning when reading in context. Eighty-five bilinguals read English sentences while their eye movements were tracked. Critical sentences contained English members of English-French interlingual homophone pairs (e.g., mow; French homophone mate mot means "word") or they contained spelling control words (e.g., mop). Only the meaning of the unseen French homophone mate fit the context (e.g., Hannah wrote another mow/mop on the blackboard for the spelling test). Differences in fixation durations between homophone errors and spelling control errors provided evidence for cross-language activation that extended to semantic representations. When the unseen French homophone was of high frequency, shorter first fixations and gaze durations were observed on English interlingual homophones than on English control words, providing evidence that the French meaning associated with the shared phonology was activated during early stage word identification. Individual differences analyses showed that these effects were larger when bilinguals were using the nontarget language (i.e., French) more regularly in daily life. Results provide evidence that cross-language activation of phonology can be sufficiently strong to activate corresponding semantic representations during single language sentence processing.

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“…While it has been posited that all linguistic information share a common mental lexicon, it has also been stated that there are two language nodes or language membership representations (one for each language containing information regarding the language to which an item belongs). Van Heuven et al’s (1998) Bilingual Interactive Activation Model (BIA), the revised versions BIA + Model (Dijkstra and Van Heuven, 2002) and Multilink model (Dijkstra et al, 2018) are based on the conceptualization of two language nodes or language membership representations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Language Competencies of Turkish–German Children Growing Up in Germany: Factors Supportive of Functioning Dual Language Development

et al. 2018

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This paper is about the first (L1) and second language (L2) skills of Turkish–German dual language learners (DLLs), the interrelatedness of the L1 and L2 skills, and their relation to other selected child and family variables. The first aim of the study was to examine L1 and L2 performance and the relation between the languages. Second, the study sought to explore the conditions in which functioning dual language development can be achieved, while trying to predict the extent to which child and environmental factors are related to the DLLs’ language competencies. L1 and L2 language skills of N = 69 bilingually developing 3–5 years old Turkish–German children were assessed via standardized tests. In addition, information on the children’s sociodemographic variables and home language environments was obtained by means of parental questionnaires. Correlational analyses were used to examine the interrelations between L1 and L2 skills and multiple regression analyses were conducted in order to predict the children’s language competencies. The children showed age-appropriate language skills in L1 (Turkish) and lower language skills in L2 (German). Whereas their phonological memory abilities were positively correlated with L1 and L2 skills, their expressive vocabulary in L1 was negatively correlated with L2 skills. Our findings also indicated that phonological memory was a strong predictor of language abilities. Concerning family variables, both early daycare entry and stimulating home language environment were significant predictors of better L2 skills. Lastly, balanced use of both languages at home had no negative consequences on language competencies. Although more research is needed, this study shows the benefits of using a combined language measure including both L1 and L2 skills to predict DLLs’ language competencies without disregarding either of their languages.

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Modelling bilingual lexical processing: A research agenda and desiderabilia

Cited by 11 publications

References 68 publications

Processing Code-Switches in the Presence of Others: An ERP Study

Processing Code-Switches in the Presence of Others: An ERP Study

Early activation of cross-language meaning from phonology during sentence processing.

Dual Language Competencies of Turkish–German Children Growing Up in Germany: Factors Supportive of Functioning Dual Language Development

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